Method and system for validating planting of trees. For example, the method includes receiving a first image depicting a tree, receiving a second image depicting an environment where the tree is to be planted, receiving a third image depicting the tree having been planted in the environment, selecting and encoding a first patch of the first image that depicts the tree, selecting and encoding a second patch of the second image that depicts the environment, selecting and encoding a third patch of the third image that depicts both the tree and the environment, and comparing the encoded patches to determine whether the tree has been planted in the environment.

There is provided a technique that includes: a) supplying a first gas to the substrate on which a film is formed and forming a modified layer on a surface of the film; b) after a), supplying a second gas to the modified layer and removing the modified layer; c) after b), supplying an inert gas having a first temperature higher than a processing temperature of b) to the film; and d) removing a portion of the film by performing a), b), and c) sequentially a predetermined number of times.

There is provided a technique that includes: a) supplying a first gas to the substrate on which a film is formed and forming a modified layer on a surface of the film; b) after a), supplying a second gas to the modified layer and removing the modified layer; c) after b), supplying an inert gas having a first temperature higher than a processing temperature of b) to the film; and d) removing a portion of the film by performing a), b), and c) sequentially a predetermined number of times.

A method includes receiving telematics data comprising information related to one or more driving behaviors of the user. The method also includes processing one or more user interface features based at least in part upon the telematics data. The method further includes generating a web page for the user. Other embodiments are disclosed herein.

A method includes receiving telematics data comprising information related to one or more driving behaviors of the user. The method also includes processing one or more user interface features based at least in part upon the telematics data. The method further includes generating a web page for the user. Other embodiments are disclosed herein.

An apparatus for controlling chemical dosing optimization in a water treatment plant treating feed water includes: a control value derivation part configured to receive real-time data, analyze the real-time data through a water treatment model and a controller in response to receiving the real-time data, and calculate a control value, such that the control value is to set a minimum of a chemical dosage while maintaining a state of treated water of the water treatment plant in a normal range, the water treatment model simulating the water treatment plant and the controller being an optimization algorithm; and a chemical dosing output control part configured to provide the control value to a water treatment control device.

An apparatus for controlling chemical dosing optimization in a water treatment plant treating feed water includes: a control value derivation part configured to receive real-time data, analyze the real-time data through a water treatment model and a controller in response to receiving the real-time data, and calculate a control value, such that the control value is to set a minimum of a chemical dosage while maintaining a state of treated water of the water treatment plant in a normal range, the water treatment model simulating the water treatment plant and the controller being an optimization algorithm; and a chemical dosing output control part configured to provide the control value to a water treatment control device.

A computer-implemented method includes a computer-implemented method can include receiving telematics data comprising information related to one or more driving behaviors of a user. The telematics data is received from one or more sensors located in a vehicle when the user is operating the vehicle. The method also can include determining one or more user characteristics of the user based at least on the telematics data. The method additionally can include selecting an advertisement from a plurality of advertisements based at least on the one or more user characteristics. Other embodiments are described.

A computer-implemented method includes a computer-implemented method can include receiving telematics data comprising information related to one or more driving behaviors of a user. The telematics data is received from one or more sensors located in a vehicle when the user is operating the vehicle. The method also can include determining one or more user characteristics of the user based at least on the telematics data. The method additionally can include selecting an advertisement from a plurality of advertisements based at least on the one or more user characteristics. Other embodiments are described.