Embodiments of the present disclosure are directed to a photonic implementation of a processor for message generation for digital currency (e.g., bitcoin) transactions. The processor includes an input photonic circuit and a message generation photonic circuit coupled to the input photonic circuit via a first set of optical connections. The input photonic circuit receives input data of a first size and splits the received input data into a plurality of input messages of a second size. The message generation photonic circuit receives the plurality of input messages from the input photonic circuit via the first set of optical connections, and generates a plurality of output messages of the second size based at least in part on the plurality of input messages.

According to one embodiment, a calculating device includes a nonlinear oscillator. The nonlinear oscillator includes a circuit part including a first Josephson junction and a second Josephson junction, and a conductive member including a first terminal. An electrical signal is input to the first terminal. The electrical signal includes a first signal in a first operation. The first signal includes a first frequency component having a first frequency, and a second frequency component having a second frequency. The first frequency is 2 times an oscillation frequency of the nonlinear oscillator. An absolute value of a difference between the first frequency and the second frequency is not more than 0.3 times the first frequency.

According to one embodiment, a calculating device includes a nonlinear oscillator. The nonlinear oscillator includes a circuit part including a first Josephson junction and a second Josephson junction, and a conductive member including a first terminal. An electrical signal is input to the first terminal. The electrical signal includes a first signal in a first operation. The first signal includes a first frequency component having a first frequency, and a second frequency component having a second frequency. The first frequency is 2 times an oscillation frequency of the nonlinear oscillator. An absolute value of a difference between the first frequency and the second frequency is not more than 0.3 times the first frequency.

Method and system for providing renewing carbon offsets for a driving period of a user. For example, the method includes collecting driving data for vehicle trips made by the user, analyzing the driving data to determine a level of mindful driving, determining a level of carbon offset reward based upon the level of mindful driving, determining the driving period of the user, determining an amount of total carbon emission of the user for the driving period, and providing an amount of carbon offset reward based upon the level of carbon offset reward and the amount of total carbon emission, where the amount of carbon offset reward includes a first amount for planting a first set of trees at a first time and a second amount for planting a second set of trees at a second time with the second time following the first time by one or more years.

A Potts model computing device capable of computing a Potts problem that is a multivalued spin problem are described herein. The Potts model computing device includes: an Ising model computing device; a computation result storage and determination unit configured to store a value of a spin of the Ising model obtained in a case where a coupling coefficient is set in the Ising model computing device and to determine whether a computation is finished; and a coupling coefficient overwriting unit configured to update a coupling coefficient generated based on the stored value of the spin to the Ising model computing device. According to a value of a set of spins obtained as a computation result corresponding to a coupling coefficient set for an m-th time in the Ising model computing device, the coupling coefficient overwriting unit generates again a coupling coefficient to be set for an (m+1)-th iterative computation.

A system for photonic computing, preferably including an input module, computation module, and/or control module, wherein the computation module preferably includes one or more filter banks and/or detectors. A photonic filter bank system, preferably including two waveguides and a plurality of optical filters optically coupled to one or more of the waveguides. A method for photonic computing, preferably including controlling a computation module, controlling an input module, and/or receiving outputs from the computation module.

An apparatus includes a plurality of interconnected reconfigurable beam splitters and a plurality of phase shifters collectively configured to define a network of optical devices. The network of optical devices is configured to perform a universal transformation on a plurality of input optical signals via a triangular architecture. The apparatus also includes a first delay line optically coupled to the network of optical devices and configured to send at least one output optical signal from a plurality of output optical signals of the network of optical devices to interact with at least one input optical signal in the plurality of input optical signals within the network of optical devices.

There is described herein a quantum computing system, quantum processor, and method of operating a quantum computing system. The quantum computing system comprises a quantum control system configured for at least one of delivery and receipt of multiplexed optical signals. At least one optical fiber is coupled to the quantum control system for carrying the multiplexed optical signals, and a quantum processor is disposed inside a cryogenics apparatus and coupled to the at least one optical fiber. The quantum processor comprises: at least one converter configured for converting between the multiplexed optical signals and microwave signals at different frequencies; and a plurality of solid-state quantum circuit elements coupled to the at least one converter and addressable by respective ones of the microwave signals at different frequencies.

Systems and methods that include: providing input information in an electronic format; converting at least a part of the electronic input information into an optical input vector; optically transforming the optical input vector into an optical output vector based on an optical matrix multiplication; converting the optical output vector into an electronic format; and electronically applying a non-linear transformation to the electronically converted optical output vector to provide output information in an electronic format.

In some examples, a set of multiple input values are encoded on respective optical signals carried by optical waveguides. For each of at least two subsets of one or more optical signals, a corresponding set of one or more copying modules splits the subset of one or more optical signals into two or more copies of the optical signals. For each of at least two copies of a first subset of one or more optical signals, a corresponding multiplication module multiplies the one or more optical signals of the first subset by one or more matrix element values using optical amplitude modulation. For results of two or more of the multiplication modules, a summation module produces an electrical signal that represents a sum of the results of the two or more of the multiplication modules.

The Ising model calculation device selects a solution having a consistent quality from among solutions obtained through the calculations with the evaluation index of a calculation accuracy. A coupling coefficient obtained by combining the Ising model coupling coefficient corresponding to a problem for which a solution should be calculated with the Ising model coupling coefficient corresponding to the check problem is set as a coupling coefficient used to calculate the interaction. With regard to a calculation value corresponding to the check spin among the calculation values using a plurality of light pulses, the compatibility as the solution of the check problem is judged. When the judgement result shows the compatibility as the solution of the check problem, a calculation value other than the calculation values corresponding to the check spin among the resultant calculation values is outputted as a solution to the problem for which a solution should be calculated.