A method of determining an optimal target gemstone to be obtained from a rough gemstone comprises obtaining a first series of 2D images of the rough gemstone; providing a 3D model of a target gemstone to be obtained from the rough gemstone; and generating a second series of 2D images of the target gemstone from the 3D model thereof. The method then comprises comparing the first and second series of 2D images to determine an optimal transformation to be applied to the 3D model of the target gemstone.

Described embodiments include a system that includes a display and a processor. The processor is configured to modify an image that includes a representation of a wall of an anatomical cavity, by overlaying an icon that represents an intrabody tool on a portion of the image that corresponds to a location of the intrabody tool within the anatomical cavity, and overlaying a marker on a portion of the representation of the wall that corresponds to a location at which the intrabody tool would meet the wall, were the intrabody tool to continue moving toward the wall in a direction in which the intrabody tool is pointing. The processor is further configured to display the modified image on the display. Other embodiments are also described.

A computer-implemented method for medical device modeling includes accessing an electronic definition for a model of a three-dimensional item and an electronic definition of a three-dimensional spline relating to an internal anatomical volume; determining, with a computer-based finite element analysis system and using the electronic definitions, stresses created by the three-dimensional item along the three-dimensional spline, for different points along the three-dimensional spline; and displaying stress data generated by the finite element analysis system with a visualization system, the display of the stress data indicating levels of stress on portions of the three-dimensional item at particular locations along the three-dimensional spline.

A computer-implemented medical visualization method includes identifying a three-dimensional model of an anatomical item of a particular mammal; displaying a moving animation of the three-dimensional model, the moving animation created from multiple frames from imaging of the anatomical item over a short time period to capture movement of the anatomical item; displaying one or more non-moving views of the three-dimensional model while the moving animation is being displayed; and in response to receiving inputs from a user, changing the displayed moving animation and the one or more non-moving views automatically in coordination with each other.

Free space machine interface and control can be facilitated by predictive entities useful in interpreting a control object's position and/or motion (including objects having one or more articulating members, i.e., humans and/or animals and/or machines). Predictive entities can be driven using motion information captured using image information or the equivalents. Predictive information can be improved applying techniques for correlating with information from observations.

A method and apparatus for inspecting an object in a virtual reality environment. Computed tomography scan data for the object is identified. A first group of dimensions for a model of the object and a second group of dimensions for the computed tomography scan data for the object are adjusted such that the first group of dimensions for a first group of features in the model corresponds to the second group of dimensions for a second group of features in the computed tomography scan data. The model and the computed tomography scan data are displayed by a game engine in the virtual reality environment on a display system. Graphical indicators in the virtual reality environment are displayed when a difference is present between features in the model and the features in the computed tomography scan data, enabling identifying the difference between the object and the model of the object.

An apparatus is provided for directing movement of a physical object within a three-dimensional (3D) navigable region of an environment. Generally, the apparatus divides the navigable region into geometric segments, and assigns a sequence of the geometric segments from a location to a destination to, and for movement of, the physical object. That is, the apparatus assigns a next geometric segment to the physical object moving in a current geometric segment in the sequence. The next geometric segment is then analyzed based on operational parameters of the physical object and a condition of the environment. In at least one increment, the next geometric segment is adjusted and reassigned to the physical object based thereon. Thereafter, the apparatus directs the physical object to move from the current geometric segment into the next geometric segment so assigned, or into the next geometric segment so reassigned in the at least one increment.

A computer-implemented medical visualization method includes identifying a three-dimensional model of an anatomical item of a particular mammal; displaying a moving animation of the three-dimensional model, the moving animation created from multiple frames from imaging of the anatomical item over a short time period to capture movement of the anatomical item; displaying one or more non-moving views of the three-dimensional model while the moving animation is being displayed; and in response to receiving inputs from a user, changing the displayed moving animation and the one or more non-moving views automatically in coordination with each other.

A computer-implemented method for medical device modeling includes accessing an electronic definition for a model of a three-dimensional item and an electronic definition of a three-dimensional spline relating to an internal anatomical volume; determining, with a computer-based finite element analysis system and using the electronic definitions, stresses created by the three-dimensional item along the three-dimensional spline, for different points along the three-dimensional spline; and displaying stress data generated by the finite element analysis system with a visualization system, the display of the stress data indicating levels of stress on portions of the three-dimensional item at particular locations along the three-dimensional spline.

Free space machine interface and control can be facilitated by predictive entities useful in interpreting a control object's position and/or motion (including objects having one or more articulating members, i.e., humans and/or animals and/or machines). Predictive entities can be driven using motion information captured using image information or the equivalents. Predictive information can be improved applying techniques for correlating with information from observations.