Systems, methods, and devices are disclosed for preventing relay attacks. A user device may receive (e.g., when proximate to the first access device), from an intervening device, device identification data for a first access device. A message may be received from a second access device via the intervening device. The message may include a digital signature generated based at least in part on second access device identification data. The user device may validate the message utilizing the digital signature and a public key. If the message is invalid, the user device may discard the message. If the message is valid, (e.g., unaltered), the user device may determine that the user has not confirmed an intent to interact with the second access device and may terminate an further interaction with the second access device accordingly.

A method for access control accepts a first data from a first mobile computing device of a first patron. The first data is representative of at least a certificate and represents an authorization for access. The method further provides the access in response to the first data, and makes a record in the first station. The record includes a second data representing the access and an identifying portion of the certificate. The method further provides, after the access, a third data to a second mobile computing device of any patron. The third data is deliverable by the second mobile computing device to the management system and is representative of the record. The method further accepts a fourth data that is representative of at least an acknowledgment of the record, and deletes the record from the first station in response to the fourth data.

Provided are embodiments of a supply medium exchange system. The system includes at least one supply medium exchange station having at least one supply medium exchange interface. It is configured to exchange a supply medium with at least one mobile unit including at least one supply medium storage and at least one first peer-to-peer module assigned to the mobile unit. It is also configured to communicate with at least one peer-to-peer application of at least one peer-to-peer network. The first peer-to-peer module is configured to cause a generation of a supply medium exchange release message for releasing of the exchange of the supply medium between the mobile unit and the supply medium exchange station by means of the peer-to-peer application.

Provided are embodiments of a supply medium exchange system. The system includes at least one supply medium exchange station having at least one supply medium exchange interface. It is configured to exchange a supply medium with at least one mobile unit including at least one supply medium storage and at least one first peer-to-peer module assigned to the mobile unit. It is also configured to communicate with at least one peer-to-peer application of at least one peer-to-peer network. The first peer-to-peer module is configured to cause a generation of a supply medium exchange release message for releasing of the exchange of the supply medium between the mobile unit and the supply medium exchange station by means of the peer-to-peer application.

Methods and systems for sharing digital electronic keys (e-keys) to use a vehicle with the e-key are provided. One example method includes sending, via a first application of a first mobile device, a message to a second mobile device to initiate providing access to the vehicle via the e-key. The method includes receiving, by the first mobile device, data confirming from the second mobile device indicating receipt and creating the e-key at the second mobile device for the vehicle with a level of access that was set via the first application of the first mobile device. The data confirming receipt for the e-key is authenticated by the first mobile device. The method includes sending, by the first mobile device, verification of the e-key for use via the second mobile device. The e-key is registered with a server to enable activation of the e-key on the second mobile device. A second application of the second mobile device provides a user interface for access of the e-key for unlocking and starting the vehicle. In one example, the e-key is usable via wireless communication with the vehicle over a near field communication (NFC) connection. In one example, the first application of the first mobile device is provided with an interface to enable revocation to disable the e-key shared with a user of the second mobile device.

An electric vehicle charging station network includes multiple electric vehicle charging stations belonging to multiple charging station hosts. Each host controls one or more charging stations. A charging station network server provides an interface that allows each of the hosts to define one or more pricing specifications for charging electric vehicles on one or more of their electric vehicle charging stations belonging to that host. The pricing specifications are applied to the charging stations such that a cost of charging electric vehicles using those charging stations is calculated according to the pricing specifications.

A method for controlling an off-grid energy system. The off-grid energy system includes a gateway energy device and an expansion energy device. The gateway energy device comprising a gateway energy device, the gateway energy device comprising a first energy source, a first battery for storing energy from the first energy source, a first power output for outputting energy from the first battery, a first output lock for controlling the first power output, and a first radiofrequency (RF) transceiver. The expansion energy device comprising a second energy source, a second battery for storing energy from the second energy source, a second power output for outputting energy from the second battery, a second output lock for controlling the second power output, and a second RF transceiver for communicating with the first RF transceiver of the gateway energy device. The method includes the following steps: receiving a financial account status of the system from a financial account server; locking or unlocking the first power output of the gateway energy device responsive to the received financial account status; connecting with the at least one expansion energy device; sending instructions to operate or lock the at least one expansion energy device based on the received financial account status of the system; locking or unlocking the second power output of the at least one expansion energy device responsive to the received financial account status; and conserving power by limiting communications with the at least one expansion energy device during certain periods.

A network of collection, charging and distribution machines collect, charge and distribute portable electrical energy storage devices. To charge, the machines employ electrical current from an external source. As demand at individual collection, charging and distribution machines increases or decreases relative to other collection, charging and distribution machines, a distribution management system initiates redistribution of portable electrical energy storage devices from one collection, charging and distribution machine to another collection, charging and distribution machine in an expeditious manner. Also, redeemable incentives are offered to users to return or exchange their portable electrical energy storage devices at selected collection, charging and distribution machines within the network to effect the redistribution.

Provided is a device for transmitting wireless power. The wireless power transmitting device includes a communication unit, a power receiving unit, and a processor. The processor is configured to obtain, through the communication unit, communication establishment information and location information associated with a wireless charging area from a tag device, establish, through the communication unit, communication with a wireless power transmitting device based on the communication establishment information, and control to transmit the location information to the wireless power transmitting device. The power receiving unit wirelessly receives the power from the wireless power transmitting device after the communication unit transmits the location information.

Systems and methods are provided to allow a smart phone or any terminal to activate a door lock using a web site or server computer system. An access control system is provided that includes a server and an access device. The access device includes a processor and a communication module. The process has control of a door lock and is able to receive a reservation certificate presented by a portable terminal through the communication module. The processor activates the door lock when a current reservation certificate has been presented.