A force estimation system for calculating force information regarding forces applied to one or more positions of a flexible tubular portion having flexibility through an arithmetic operation, the force estimation system comprising: a processor configured to input the deformation state and the mechanical property at a plurality of longitudinal positions of the flexible tubular portion, and calculates the force information of the force applied to the individual positions of the flexible tubular portion based on the deformed state and the mechanical property.

An information processing apparatus (2000) detects an abnormal region (30) from a predetermined range (16) of a video frame (14). The information processing apparatus (2000) determines whether a predetermined condition is satisfied in a case where the abnormal region (30) is detected from the predetermined range (16) of a certain video frame (14) and the abnormal region (30) is not detected from the predetermined range (16) of a predetermined video frame (14) generated later than the video frame (14). In a case where the predetermined condition is not satisfied, the information processing apparatus (2000) performs a predetermined notification.

A blood-vessel recognizing method for recognizing blood vessels present in biological tissue, the method including: obtaining real-time Doppler spectra on the basis of time waveforms data of intensities of scattered light generated in the biological tissue due to irradiation with laser light; calculating average frequencies of the real-time Doppler spectra; correcting the calculated average frequencies on the basis of peak intensities of the real-time Doppler spectra; and determining whether or not blood vessels are present in regions of the biological tissue irradiated with the laser light on the basis of the corrected average frequencies.

A surgical vision system for imaging heat capacity and cooling rate of tissue has an infrared source configured to provide infrared light to tissue, the infrared light sufficient to heat tissue, and an infrared camera configured to provide images of tissue at infrared wavelengths. The system also has an image processing system configured to determine, from the infrared images of tissue, a cooling or heating rate at pixels of the images of tissue at infrared wavelengths and to display images derived from the cooling rate at the pixels.

Methods, systems, and coaptation measurement devices as described herein include an elongate sensor body at the end of a proximal connecting member, and a plurality of sensors in an array across a face of the sensor body, wherein each sensor of the plurality of sensors is configured to detect if a portion of a heart valve is in contact with the sensor.

There is provided an endoscope including a main body including a coupler to which a cable is attached, a tubular section having a tubular form, a reflector having a reflection surface that reflects light introduced from the coupler to inside of the main body and introduces the light to inside of the tubular section, a first optical system that transmits the light introduced by the reflector to the inside of the tubular section to a front-end portion of the tubular section and irradiates a subject with the light from the front-end portion, and a second optical system that transmits reflected light of the subject from the front-end portion of the tubular section to the main body side. The coupler is provided to be rotatable in the main body around a central axis of the tubular section with respect to another portion. The cable is coupled to a light source.

The present disclosure relates to compounds that are useful as near-infrared fluorescence probes, wherein the compounds include i) a ligand that binds to the active site of carbonic anhydrase, ii) a dye molecule, and iii) a linker molecule that comprises an amino acid, amide, ureido, or polyethylene glycol derivative thereof. The disclosure further describes methods and compositions for making and using the compounds, methods incorporating the compounds, and kits incorporating the compounds.

Disclosed is a peroral endoscopic apparatus of a swallowable type, the peroral endoscopic apparatus including: at least one imaging unit configured to perform imaging of a human body digestive system and output image data; at least one ultrasonic unit configured to output ultrasonic data on a submucosal region of the digestive system and a peripheral organ located therearound; a magnetic unit configured to adjust a position, a posture, and a proceeding direction of the peroral endoscopic apparatus in response to an external magnetic force; a transceiving unit configured to transmit the image data and the ultrasonic data to an external device or receive an external control signal; a control unit configured to control the imaging unit and the ultrasonic unit to perform imaging of the digestive system and the submucosal region simultaneously or individually; and a power supply unit configured to supply power.

A catheter for delivering a medicinal liquid or a powder in spray form into the trachea of a subject, includes a deformable body including a spray device for expelling a liquid or a powder introduced into the catheter as a spray, the body of the catheter being configured to generate an image of a zone in a longitudinal direction of the body.

A medical device having multiple degrees of freedom independent of each other. The medical device includes a handle, an end effector, and a tubular section extending between the handle and the end effector. The end effector is configured to be rotated about a first axis extending through the tubular section without rotating the tubular section. And, the tubular section is configured to be rotated about the first axis with the end effector.