An encryption method includes an operation method of an encryption system and is a method of encrypting encryption target information.

A computation apparatus, a method of the same, and a program which perform a secure computation using fixed-point arithmetic, and overflow is unlikely to occur and the occurrence of division by zero can be detected when an odds ratio is calculated. The computation apparatus includes an odds ratio computation unit for obtaining an odds ratio between a first group (a+b) and a second group (c+d) based on four plaintext values a, b, c, and d, by means of secure computation; a zero-division detection unit for determining, by means of secure computation, whether or not at least one of the plaintext values b and c is not zero, and detecting division by zero; and a selection unit for selecting the odds ratio if division by zero is not detected, by means of secure computation.

The terminal apparatus comprises a machine learning part that can execute a process of computing a first model update parameter of a first neural network using training data and a process of computing a second model update parameter of a second neural network using training data for a simulated attack; an encryption processing part that encrypts the first, the second model update parameter using a predetermined homomorphic encryption; a data transmission part that transmits the encrypted first, second model update parameters to a predetermined computation apparatus; and an update part that receives from the computation apparatus model update parameters of the first, the second neural networks computed using the first, the second model update parameters received from another terminal apparatus and updates the first, the second neural networks.

A secure computation apparatus (1.sub.i) generates a concealed value [r] of a random number r following a discrete Laplace distribution with parameter α. A bit stream generating unit (11) generates a concealed value stream [b.sub.0], [b.sub.1], . . . , [b.sub.N] that is constituted by a concealed value [b.sub.0] of a random number bit bo following a Bernoulli distribution with probability (1−α)/(1+α) and concealed values [b.sub.1], . . . , [b.sub.N] of random number bits b.sub.1, . . . , b.sub.N each following a Bernoulli distribution with probability (1−α). An absolute value determining unit (12) obtains a concealed value [L] of a position L at which 1 is first set from the head of the random number bits b.sub.0, b.sub.1, . . . , b.sub.N. A sign determining unit (13) obtains a result [L.Math.s] obtained by multiplying the concealed value [L] by a concealed value [s] of a random sign s, as a concealed value [r] of the random number r.

A multi-die device a first die containing a plurality of first die signal path elements configured to propagate a stimulus signal and a second die containing a plurality of second die signal path elements configured to propagate the stimulus signal. The multi-die device further includes an interposer configured to establish signal communication between the first die and the second die so as to deliver the stimulus signal from the plurality of first die signal path elements to the plurality of second die signal path elements to generate a propagation delay. The propagation delay is used to generate a single unified PUF response that is indicative of the authenticity of the multi-die device.

An unenrolled lightweight node is on a decentralized network with a trusted node and a plurality of peers. The unenrolled lightweight node and the peers run a lightweight blockchain consensus algorithm. The unenrolled lightweight node includes (a) circuitry for storing a token that includes a signature that includes at least a signature of at least a first identifier signed with a private key of the trusted node, the first identifier being associated with a public key of the unenrolled lightweight node, and (b) circuitry for broadcasting a request for blockchain enrollment of the unenrolled lightweight node to the plurality of peers. The authentication request including at least a second identifier that is associated with at least a public key of the unenrolled lightweight node, a signature created with at least the second identifier and a corresponding private key of the unenrolled lightweight node, and the token.

A device that includes a plurality of field programmable gated arrays (FPGAs), collectively configured to generate blocks of data, based on gated operations that have derived, communicated, previously generated or random inputs.

Aspects of the present disclosure relate to encrypted data processing (EDAP). A processor includes a register file configured to store ciphertext data, an instruction fetch and decode unit configured to fetch and decode instructions, and a functional unit configured to process the stored ciphertext data. The functional unit further includes a decryption module configured to decrypt ciphertext data from the register file to receive cleartext data using an encryption key stored within the functional unit. The functional unit further includes a local buffer configured to store the cleartext data. The functional unit further includes an arithmetic logical unit configured to generate cleartext computation results using the cleartext data The functional unit further includes an encryption module configured to encrypt the cleartext computation results to generate ciphertext computation results for storage back into the register file.

A power supply is disclosed for an industrial control system or any system including a distributed power supply network. In embodiments, the power supply comprises: a battery module including a battery cell and a battery monitor configured to monitor the battery cell; and a self-hosted server operatively coupled with the battery module, the self-hosted server being configured to receive diagnostic information from the battery monitor and provide network access to the diagnostic information. In implementations, the diagnostics stored by the self-hosted server can be broadcast to or remotely accessed by enterprise control/monitoring systems, application control/monitoring systems, or other remote systems via a secured network (e.g., secured access cloud computing environment).

A power supply is disclosed for an industrial control system or any system including a distributed power supply network. In embodiments, the power supply comprises: a battery module including a battery cell and a battery monitor configured to monitor the battery cell; and a self-hosted server operatively coupled with the battery module, the self-hosted server being configured to receive diagnostic information from the battery monitor and provide network access to the diagnostic information. In implementations, the diagnostics stored by the self-hosted server can be broadcast to or remotely accessed by enterprise control/monitoring systems, application control/monitoring systems, or other remote systems via a secured network (e.g., secured access cloud computing environment).