Methods and systems for monitoring and modifying pulsed field ablation (PFA) energy delivery to prevent patient safety risks and/or delivery device failure. In particular, some embodiments provide methods and systems for detecting and preventing arcs and arc-induced plasma, and their causal events, during delivery of pulsed field ablation energy, as well as methods and systems for identifying conditions leading to potential delivery device failure and correcting charge imbalance or asymmetry.

Described herein is a method and system for gap detection in ablation lines. Microelectrodes are implemented at a distal tip of a catheter to provide localized gap detection along an ablation line. A pacing protocol is used to sequence through each of the microelectrode pairs for a tissue location. If living tissue is present, the pacing signal travels through the living tissue to pulse the heart. An operator will see a capture signal and know that there is a gap in the ablation line. The ablation electrode is then used to ablate the tissue in the gap. Pacing and ablation are therefore performed at the same place without the need to switch between instruments and/or catheters. In an implementation, a force sensor can automate the pacing protocol by determining which microelectrode pair is contacting the tissue. Moreover, signaling between microelectrode pairs can determine contact between the catheter and the tissue.

Devices and methods for tissue treatment produce a mechanical stimulation therapy and electromagnetic field therapy. The mechanical stimulation therapy provides stimulation of blood circulation and stimulates treated cells. The electromagnetic field enables thermal treatment of tissue. Combination of both therapies improves soft tissue treatment, mainly connective tissue in the skin area and fat reduction.

Planar end effector designs having irrigation are presented. The example end effectors are configured to be affixed to a distal end of a catheter and delivered through vasculature in a collapsed configuration and expand at an intracardiac treatment site to a deployed configuration. In some instances, the end effector can have an electrode array with sufficient density to perform mapping and irrigation for mapping. The end effector can include dedicated irrigation tubes and/or irrigating electrode-carrying spines to irrigate within the electrode array. Flow rate at positions within the electrode array can be controlled in a predetermined manner by varying pore/port size, flow direction, and/or flow path cross-section throughout an irrigation flow path in the end effector.

Planar end effector designs having irrigation are presented. The example end effectors are configured to be affixed to a distal end of a catheter and delivered through vasculature in a collapsed configuration and expand at an intracardiac treatment site to a deployed configuration. In some instances, the end effector can have an electrode array with sufficient density to perform mapping and irrigation for mapping. The end effector can include dedicated irrigation tubes and/or irrigating electrode-carrying spines to irrigate within the electrode array. Flow rate at positions within the electrode array can be controlled in a predetermined manner by varying pore/port size, flow direction, and/or flow path cross-section throughout an irrigation flow path in the end effector.

The present invention discloses a plasma operation electrode for an otolaryngology department. The plasma operation electrode for the otolaryngology department includes a tubular loop electrode, a water absorption tube and an effluent flow guiding component. The water absorption tube is sheathed in the tubular loop electrode, a water inlet channel is formed between the water absorption tube and the tubular loop electrode. An end part, away from the handle, of the tubular loop electrode is provided with at least one water outlet hole. The effluent flow guiding component is correspondingly installed at the water outlet hole, and sealed and connected on an outer wall of the tubular loop electrode. A water injecting channel is formed between the effluent flow guiding component and the tubular loop electrode. The plasma operation electrode for the otolaryngology department has a good flow guiding effect to normal saline, and high in reliability and safety.

An electrosurgical generator and associated methods determine a real part of the impedance of treated tissue. The electrosurgical generator includes an output stage, a plurality of sensors, and a controller that controls the output stage. The controller includes a signal processor that determines an RMS voltage, an RMS current, an average power, and a real part of the impedance of the treated tissue based on measured voltage and current by using a plurality of averaging filters. The controller controls the output stage to generate electrosurgical energy based on at least the determined real part of the impedance.

The present disclosure relates to an explantation assembly for retrieving an intracorporeal capsule implanted in a tissue of a patient comprising a first tube and a second tube. The first tube comprises a snare and a tissue. The second tube is configured to interact with the snare of the first tube and configured to be attached to the tissue of the patient.

A surgical instrument holder includes a carriage, a housing, and a drive assembly. The carriage is configured for engagement to a surgical robotic arm and for supporting an instrument drive unit. The housing extends from the carriage and defines a channel. The drive assembly includes a pulley, a belt, and an annular member. The pulley is rotatably disposed within the housing and in operable engagement with a motor of the carriage such that actuation of the motor rotates the pulley. The belt is rotatably disposed within the housing and in operable engagement with the pulley such that rotation of the pulley effects rotation of the belt. The annular member is disposed within the channel of the housing and configured for non-rotatable receipt of an instrument drive unit. The annular member is in operable engagement with the belt such that rotation of the belt effects rotation of the annular member.

A suction device for use with a medical device may include a suction device body and an extension. The suction device body may include a first lumen positioned therein and including a plurality of holes. The extension may include a second lumen positioned therein and may be coupled to the suction device body and configured to facilitate connection of the suction device body to a suction line. The second lumen may be in communication with/open to the first lumen and the suction line may be adapted for connection to a pump configured to apply a negative pressure to the first and second lumens. The suction device may evacuate fluids and/or solids from a patient in an area proximate to the suction device.