The present invention relates to a novel azole derivative as an apelin receptor agonist and a method for treating cardiovascular disease, diabetic disease, renal disease, hypertension, and arteriosclerosis, etc., using the same. The present invention provides a compound represented by formula (I) or a pharmacologically acceptable salt thereof wherein X.sup.1 represents —N═ or —CH═, X.sup.2 represents —CH═ or —N═, R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 each represent a C.sub.1 to C.sub.6 alkoxy group or the like, R.sup.3 represents a heteroaryl group (the heteroaryl group is optionally substituted by a methyl group or the like) or the like, and R.sup.4 represents a C.sub.1 to C.sub.6 alkylthio group or a C.sub.2 to C.sub.6 alkenyl group (the C.sub.1 to C.sub.6 alkylthio group and the C.sub.2 to C.sub.6 alkenyl group are each optionally substituted by one carboxy group or the like) or the like. ##STR00001##

Various embodiments provide interfaces to access genomic testing information and incorporate it into daily physician practice. According to one aspect, a graph-based data model is used that may be used to organizes and revise precision medicine knowledge. In one example structure, gene states are abstracted into alteration groups, where alteration groups are built using reverse engineering actionable information and storing that information within the graph-based data structure. Volumes of genomic alterations and associated information (e.g., journal articles, clinical trial information, therapies, etc.) are analyzed and synthesized into actionable information items viewable on an alteration system in a graph-based data format. According to one embodiment, the system can be configured to focus practitioners on discrete portions of the alteration information on which they can act. According to other aspects, curated information is provided on the system to enable practitioners to make informed decisions regarding the implications of the presence of specific genomic alterations.

Various embodiments provide interfaces to access genomic testing information and incorporate it into daily physician practice. According to one aspect, a graph-based data model is used that may be used to organizes and revise precision medicine knowledge. In one example structure, gene states are abstracted into alteration groups, where alteration groups are built using reverse engineering actionable information and storing that information within the graph-based data structure. Volumes of genomic alterations and associated information (e.g., journal articles, clinical trial information, therapies, etc.) are analyzed and synthesized into actionable information items viewable on an alteration system in a graph-based data format. According to one embodiment, the system can be configured to focus practitioners on discrete portions of the alteration information on which they can act. According to other aspects, curated information is provided on the system to enable practitioners to make informed decisions regarding the implications of the presence of specific genomic alterations.

Embodiments herein described provide methods for determining phenotypic parameters of cell populations and expressing them in terms of tensors that can be compared with one another. Embodiments provide methods for determining phenotypic parameters of cell populations in response to an agent. Embodiments provide methods for comparing effects of an agent on phenotypic parameters to effects of reference standards whose in vivo effects are known. Embodiments provide methods for predicting the effect of an agent by the comparison with the known effects of reference standards. Embodiments provide methods for classifying agents by their effects on phenotypic parameters. Embodiments provide software and computer systems for calculating multiparametric tensors, compressing their complexity and comparing them after compression.

Embodiments herein described provide methods for determining phenotypic parameters of cell populations and expressing them in terms of tensors that can be compared with one another. Embodiments provide methods for determining phenotypic parameters of cell populations in response to an agent. Embodiments provide methods for comparing effects of an agent on phenotypic parameters to effects of reference standards whose in vivo effects are known. Embodiments provide methods for predicting the effect of an agent by the comparison with the known effects of reference standards. Embodiments provide methods for classifying agents by their effects on phenotypic parameters. Embodiments provide software and computer systems for calculating multiparametric tensors, compressing their complexity and comparing them after compression.

One aspect of the present disclosure relates to a method of quantifying soil carbon in a unit of land. The method generally comprises the steps of (i) obtaining an estimated spatial distribution of carbon content in the unit of land, (ii) stratifying the unit of land into a plurality of strata based at least partly on the spatial distribution of carbon content, (iii) selecting one or more locations from each of one or more of the plurality of strata, the one or more locations being selected with randomness, (iv) determining sample carbon content associated with the one or more first locations and (v) determining total carbon content in the unit of land based at least partly on the sample carbon content. In another aspect, this method may be used to quantify soil carbon sequestered in a unit of land by repeating steps (iv) and (v) at a second time and thereafter determining the amount of carbon sequestered. Furthermore, in quantifying the soil carbon sequestered, steps (ii) and (iii) may also be repeated at the second time after re-stratification of the unit of land based on sample carbon determined at the first time.

One aspect of the present disclosure relates to a method of quantifying soil carbon in a unit of land. The method generally comprises the steps of (i) obtaining an estimated spatial distribution of carbon content in the unit of land, (ii) stratifying the unit of land into a plurality of strata based at least partly on the spatial distribution of carbon content, (iii) selecting one or more locations from each of one or more of the plurality of strata, the one or more locations being selected with randomness, (iv) determining sample carbon content associated with the one or more first locations and (v) determining total carbon content in the unit of land based at least partly on the sample carbon content. In another aspect, this method may be used to quantify soil carbon sequestered in a unit of land by repeating steps (iv) and (v) at a second time and thereafter determining the amount of carbon sequestered. Furthermore, in quantifying the soil carbon sequestered, steps (ii) and (iii) may also be repeated at the second time after re-stratification of the unit of land based on sample carbon determined at the first time.

A method for building and using soil models that determine soil properties from soil spectrum data is provided. In an embodiment, building soil model may be accomplished using soil spectrum data received via hyperspectral sensors from a land unit. A processor updates the soil spectrum data by removing interference signals from the soil spectrum data. Multiple ground sampling locations within the land unit are then determined based on the updated soil spectrum data. Soil property data are obtained from ground sampling at the ground sampling locations. Soil models that correlate the updated soil spectrum data with the soil property data are created based on the updated soil spectrum data and the soil property data. The soil models are sent to a storage for future use.

The present invention relates to methods tor the treatment or prevention of fatigue associated with disordered sleep, for example, in multiple sclerosis, fibromyalgia, Fabry's disease, Parkinson's disease, or traumatic brain injury, using cyclobenzaprine. The present invention further relates to a biomarker for the therapeutic effects of a cyclobenzaprine treatment.

The present invention relates to methods tor the treatment or prevention of fatigue associated with disordered sleep, for example, in multiple sclerosis, fibromyalgia, Fabry's disease, Parkinson's disease, or traumatic brain injury, using cyclobenzaprine. The present invention further relates to a biomarker for the therapeutic effects of a cyclobenzaprine treatment.