Systems and methods are disclosed herein relating to fusion reactors for fusing particles via multiple periodic collisions. A fusion reactor may include a first evacuated region, such as a chamber, with a plurality of charged particles therein. A uniform magnetic field may be applied to the region to radially confine moving charged particles within the region by inducing circular trajectories. Upper and lower electrodes may be positioned on ends of the region to axially confine charged particles within the region. An energizing beam may be pulsed at a cyclotron frequency corresponding to the mass and charge of the particles to cause oscillating periodic collisions of the particles along the beam path as the particles travel in the circular trajectories with increased velocity after each pulse of the energizing beam.

Methods, apparatuses, devices, and systems for producing and controlling and fusion activities of nuclei. Hydrogen atoms or other neutral species (neutrals) are induced to rotational motion in a confinement region as a result of ion-neutral coupling, in which ions are driven by electric and magnetic fields. The controlled fusion activities cover a spectrum of reactions including aneutronic reactions such as proton-boron-11 fusion reactions.

An aspect of the subject technology/invention of the present disclosure includes electrode structures or elements/components that have (e.g., present) fractal and/or self-complementary shapes or structures, e.g., on a surface. Such shapes or structures can be pre-existing. The electrodes can be made of any suitable material. The electrodes may function or operate or be used as a seed structure to incorporate or receive a material or materials useful for lattice assisted nuclear reactions and/or cold fusion processes.

Methods, apparatus, devices, and systems for creating, controlling, conducting, and optimizing fusion activities of nuclei. In particular, the present inventions relate to, 5 among other things, fusion activities that are conducted individually or collectively on a very small scale, preferably on the nano-scale or smaller such as pico to femto scales, for the utilization of energy produced from these activities in smaller devices and for aggregation into larger devices.

Methods, apparatus, devices, and systems for creating, controlling, conducting, and optimizing fusion activities of nuclei. In particular, the present inventions relate to, 5 among other things, fusion activities that are conducted individually or collectively on a very small scale, preferably on the nano-scale or smaller such as pico to femto scales, for the utilization of energy produced from these activities in smaller devices and for aggregation into larger devices.

Methods and apparatuses for facilitating localized nuclear fusion reactions in a globally cold deeply screened fuel source are disclosed, where the volume of cold fuel is much larger than that of hot fuel participating in fission reactions, maintaining structural integrity. Such a deeply screened environment may facilitate the combination of shell and conduction electrons and plasma channels created from external x-ray and/or gamma irradiation. Deeply screened fuel nuclei can tunnel at lower energies, and can much more effectively scatter at high angles, leading to increased tunneling probabilities. Local hot fusion conditions may be created by providing neutral hot particles (e.g., hot neutrons) that are substantially more effective at high angle scattering off charged fuel nuclei and can deliver around a half of their kinetic energy in one collision to result in a hot fuel nucleus. Such methods and apparatuses may have various applications, such as heat or medical isotope production.

Examples of system for generating vortex cavity are disclosed. The system comprises a vessel into which a fluid is injected through one or more inlet ports and a fluid circulating system configured to circulate the fluid through the vessel such that the fluid is removed from the vessel through an outlet port and is returned back into the vessel through the one and more inlet ports. A first spinner is mounted at one wall of the vessel while a second spinner is mounted at the opposite wall of the vessel such that the second spinner is at some distance away from the first spinner and it faces the first spinner. When the fluid circulating system starts circulating the fluid within the vessel a vortex cavity is formed that extends between the first and the second spinners so that one end of the vortex cavity sits on the first spinner while the opposite end of the vortex cavity sits on the second spinner.

An apparatus for creating composite particles with nuclei and electrons in one or more bound states. The apparatus has a vessel containing a gas such as hydrogen, deuterium or helium at a predetermined pressure, and a pair of electrodes extending into the vessel. The positive electrode is separated from the negative electrode by an adjustable gap. One or more capacitors are connected to the electrodes to provide a DC discharge, causing an arc across the electrodes. The apparatus has a pump configured to circulate the gas at a predetermined flow rate through the gap between the electrodes. Discharging the capacitors creates an electrical arc across the gap that ionizes the gas, generating a plasma that includes composite particles having a nuclei and electrons in the one or more bound states.

An apparatus for creating composite particles with nuclei and electrons in one or more bound states. The apparatus has a vessel containing a gas such as hydrogen, deuterium or helium at a predetermined pressure, and a pair of electrodes extending into the vessel. The positive electrode is separated from the negative electrode by an adjustable gap. One or more capacitors are connected to the electrodes to provide a DC discharge, causing an arc across the electrodes. The apparatus has a pump configured to circulate the gas at a predetermined flow rate through the gap between the electrodes. Discharging the capacitors creates an electrical arc across the gap that ionizes the gas, generating a plasma that includes composite particles having a nuclei and electrons in the one or more bound states.

Ocean water and/or heavy water will be utilized as fuel to derive fusion energy. Utilizing multiple coiled, triple-axis systems, shall produce magnetic flux densities from 10.sup.6 Gauss to 10.sup.21 Gauss as derived from mc.sup.2=BvLq (Jacobson Resonance). Matter may be cajoled, such as deuterons and protons to fuse, thereby providing energy. This energy will be withdrawn for conversion of heat energy to electricity.