A temporary radiotherapy facility for use during renovation, upgrading, and/or modernization of an existing facility. The radiotherapy facility includes a central vault room containing a radiation emitting device and a platform for holding a quantity of radiation shielding material above the central vault room. The platform is supported by shear walls that are disposed outside the sidewalls of the central vault room such that the radiation shielding material is supported and suspended above the central vault room without being in contact with or bearing upon the central vault room or affecting the height or level of the central vault room.

A temporary radiotherapy facility for use during renovation, upgrading, and/or modernization of an existing facility. The radiotherapy facility includes a central vault room containing a radiation emitting device and a platform for holding a quantity of radiation shielding material above the central vault room. The platform is supported by shear walls that are disposed outside the sidewalls of the central vault room such that the radiation shielding material is supported and suspended above the central vault room without being in contact with or bearing upon the central vault room or affecting the height or level of the central vault room.

Methods for setting up, maintaining and operating a radiopharmaceutical infusion system, that includes a radioisotope generator, are facilitated by a computer of the system. The computer may include pre-programmed instructions and a computer interface, for interaction with a user of the system, for example, in order to track contained volumes of eluant and/or eluate, and/or to track time from completion of an elution performed by the system, and/or to calculate one or more system and/or injection parameters for quality control, and/or to perform purges of the system, and/or to facilitate diagnostic imaging.

Methods for setting up, maintaining and operating a radiopharmaceutical infusion system, that includes a radioisotope generator, are facilitated by a computer of the system. The computer may include pre-programmed instructions and a computer interface, for interaction with a user of the system, for example, in order to track contained volumes of eluant and/or eluate, and/or to track time from completion of an elution performed by the system, and/or to calculate one or more system and/or injection parameters for quality control, and/or to perform purges of the system, and/or to facilitate diagnostic imaging.

A migration prevention system for radioactive wastewater from an underground nuclear power plant. The underground nuclear power plant includes a nuclear island including an underground cavern group including a reactor cavity and auxiliary cavities. The migration prevention system includes a protective layer coating the reactor cavity and an impermeable layer surrounding the nuclear island. The protective layer includes an inner liner, a drainage layer, and a filling layer of rock fractures in that order. The inner liner is configured to prevent exosmosis of the radioactive wastewater of the reactor cavity. The drainage layer is configured to gather and drain seepage water. The impermeable layer is disposed in the periphery of the underground cavern group including the reactor cavity and the auxiliary cavities, and is configured to isolate the underground cavern group from natural underground water.

A migration prevention system for radioactive wastewater from an underground nuclear power plant. The underground nuclear power plant includes a nuclear island including an underground cavern group including a reactor cavity and auxiliary cavities. The migration prevention system includes a protective layer coating the reactor cavity and an impermeable layer surrounding the nuclear island. The protective layer includes an inner liner, a drainage layer, and a filling layer of rock fractures in that order. The inner liner is configured to prevent exosmosis of the radioactive wastewater of the reactor cavity. The drainage layer is configured to gather and drain seepage water. The impermeable layer is disposed in the periphery of the underground cavern group including the reactor cavity and the auxiliary cavities, and is configured to isolate the underground cavern group from natural underground water.

A leakage detection system for spent fuel cooling pools is related to the field of testing and measurement instrumentation and is aimed at monitoring leakages in the storage facilities, mostly in spent fuel cooling pools at NPPs.

In the leakage detection system for spent fuel cooling pools the welded joints in the pool are additionally fenced with a metal guard which are connected via valve installed tubes to the pipeline, which, in turn, is connected on both of its sides to the leakage collector tank via a receiving valve and a return valve. The leakage collector tank is equipped with a level control sensor.

A leakage detection system for spent fuel cooling pools ensures control over airtightness of welded joins in the pool and allows for detection of leaking welded joints without preliminary emptying the pool which enhances the radiation safety of the pool and reduces the maintenance time.

Biomass (e.g., plant biomass, animal biomass, and municipal waste biomass) is processed to produce useful intermediates and products, such as energy, fuels, foods or materials. For example, equipment, systems and methods are described that can be used to treat feedstock materials, such as cellulosic and/or lignocellulosic materials, in a vault in which hazardous gases are removed, destroyed and/or converted. The treatments are efficient and can reduce the recalcitrance of the lignocellulosic material so that it is easier to produce an intermediate or product, e.g., sugars, alcohols, sugar alcohols and energy, from the lignocellulosic material.

Biomass (e.g., plant biomass, animal biomass, and municipal waste biomass) is processed to produce useful intermediates and products, such as energy, fuels, foods or materials. For example, equipment, systems and methods are described that can be used to treat feedstock materials, such as cellulosic and/or lignocellulosic materials, in a vault in which hazardous gases are removed, destroyed and/or converted. The treatments are efficient and can reduce the recalcitrance of the lignocellulosic material so that it is easier to produce an intermediate or product, e.g., sugars, alcohols, sugar alcohols and energy, from the lignocellulosic material.

Biomass (e.g., plant biomass, animal biomass, and municipal waste biomass) or other materials are processed to produce useful intermediates and products, such as energy, fuels, foods or materials. For example, systems and methods are described that can be used to treat feedstock materials, such as cellulosic and/or lignocellulosic materials, in a vault in which the walls and optionally the ceiling include discrete units. Such vaults are re-configurable.