Biomass (e.g., plant biomass, animal biomass, and municipal waste biomass) or other materials are processed to produce useful intermediates and products, such as energy, fuels, foods or materials. For example, systems and methods are described that can be used to treat feedstock materials, such as cellulosic and/or lignocellulosic materials, in a vault in which the walls and optionally the ceiling include discrete units. Such vaults are re-configurable.

A residual heat removal ventilation system for spent fuel dry storage facility of nuclear power plant includes a natural ventilation apparatus and a forced ventilation apparatus, comprising a cold air intake chamber, a hot air removal chamber, a pipeline, a ventilation heat shield cylinder, a heat removal fan, and an air cooling equipment having certain connecting relationships and being correspondingly arranged in a storeroom, an operating room and a ventilation equipment room. The system doesn't require storing spent fuel in a pool storage manner. The safety of the spent fuel doesn't rely on power equipment, thus not only reducing routine maintenance, saving energy, but also has inherent safety. Furthermore, the system can be used to cool spent fuel storage canisters within spent fuel storage facility of pebble bed high temperature gas-cooled reactor nuclear power plant, and discharge residual heat of spent fuel storage canisters to the external environment.

Methods for setting up, maintaining and operating a radiopharmaceutical infusion system, that includes a radioisotope generator, are facilitated by a computer of the system. The computer may include pre-programmed instructions and a computer interface, for interaction with a user of the system, for example, in order to track contained volumes of eluant and/or eluate, and/or to track time from completion of an elution performed by the system, and/or to calculate one or more system and/or injection parameters for quality control, and/or to perform purges of the system, and/or to facilitate diagnostic imaging.

Methods for setting up, maintaining and operating a radiopharmaceutical infusion system, that includes a radioisotope generator, are facilitated by a computer of the system. The computer may include pre-programmed instructions and a computer interface, for interaction with a user of the system, for example, in order to track contained volumes of eluant and/or eluate, and/or to track time from completion of an elution performed by the system, and/or to calculate one or more system and/or injection parameters for quality control, and/or to perform purges of the system, and/or to facilitate diagnostic imaging.

An autonomous facility for storing spent nuclear fuel includes a building forming an enclosed interior space containing a water-filled spent fuel pool. The pool includes fuel racks containing spent fuel assemblies which heat the water via radioactive decay. A passive cooling system includes a submerged heat exchanger in the pool and an air cooled heat exchanger located in ambient air outside the building at a higher elevation than the pool heat exchanger. A heat transfer working fluid circulates in a closed flow loop between the heat exchangers via unpumped natural gravity driven flow to cool the fuel pool. The air cooled heat exchanger may be enclosed in a concrete reinforced silo adjoining the building for impact protection. The building may include a cask pit formed integrally with the pool to allow fuel assembles to be removed from a transport cask and loaded into the fuel rack underwater.

An autonomous facility for storing spent nuclear fuel includes a building forming an enclosed interior space containing a water-filled spent fuel pool. The pool includes fuel racks containing spent fuel assemblies which heat the water via radioactive decay. A passive cooling system includes a submerged heat exchanger in the pool and an air cooled heat exchanger located in ambient air outside the building at a higher elevation than the pool heat exchanger. A heat transfer working fluid circulates in a closed flow loop between the heat exchangers via unpumped natural gravity driven flow to cool the fuel pool. The air cooled heat exchanger may be enclosed in a concrete reinforced silo adjoining the building for impact protection. The building may include a cask pit formed integrally with the pool to allow fuel assembles to be removed from a transport cask and loaded into the fuel rack underwater.

Biomass (e.g., plant biomass, animal biomass, and municipal waste biomass) is processed to produce useful intermediates and products, such as energy, fuels, foods or materials. For example, equipment, systems and methods are described that can be used to treat feedstock materials, such as cellulosic and/or lignocellulosic materials, in a vault in which hazardous gases are removed, destroyed and/or converted. The treatments are efficient and can reduce the recalcitrance of the lignocellulosic material so that it is easier to produce an intermediate or product, e.g., sugars, alcohols, sugar alcohols and energy, from the lignocellulosic material.

Biomass (e.g., plant biomass, animal biomass, and municipal waste biomass) is processed to produce useful intermediates and products, such as energy, fuels, foods or materials. For example, equipment, systems and methods are described that can be used to treat feedstock materials, such as cellulosic and/or lignocellulosic materials, in a vault in which hazardous gases are removed, destroyed and/or converted. The treatments are efficient and can reduce the recalcitrance of the lignocellulosic material so that it is easier to produce an intermediate or product, e.g., sugars, alcohols, sugar alcohols and energy, from the lignocellulosic material.

An outpatient surgical center can include a hybrid operating room. The hybrid operating room can include at least one radiation shielded wall, a floor, and a ceiling. The hybrid operating room can also include an imaging device disposed in the hybrid operating room. The hybrid operating room can further include an operating table disposed in the hybrid operating room. A building for the outpatient surgical center can initially be constructed to conform to International Building Code (IBC) Class B standards.

An outpatient surgical center can include a hybrid operating room. The hybrid operating room can include at least one radiation shielded wall, a floor, and a ceiling. The hybrid operating room can also include an imaging device disposed in the hybrid operating room. The hybrid operating room can further include an operating table disposed in the hybrid operating room. A building for the outpatient surgical center can initially be constructed to conform to International Building Code (IBC) Class B standards.