Embodiments disclosed herein include methods and systems for melting or augmenting a melt rate of material in a melter using electromagnetic radiation with a frequency between 0.9 GHz and 10 GHz. In some examples, a power and/or frequency of radiation used may be selected so as to control a temperature of a cold cap in the melter while maintaining emissions from the melter below a threshold level. In this manner, examples described herein may provide for efficient and safe melting and vitrification of radioactive wastes.

Embodiments disclosed herein include methods and systems for melting or augmenting a melt rate of material in a melter using electromagnetic radiation with a frequency between 0.9 GHz and 10 GHz. In some examples, a power and/or frequency of radiation used may be selected so as to control a temperature of a cold cap in the melter while maintaining emissions from the melter below a threshold level. In this manner, examples described herein may provide for efficient and safe melting and vitrification of radioactive wastes.

A radioactive structure dismantling method of a heavy water reactor facility that includes a calandria including a main shell and a sub shell, a calandria vault that receives the calandria therein, and a cover assembly that covers the calandria according to an embodiment, includes: preparing dismantling of the calandria; dismantling a reactor pipe installed in the calandria; dismantling the cover assembly that covers the calandria; dismantling the calandria; and dismantling the calandria vault.

A single integrated system for recycling used nuclear fuel (UNF) emerging from a reactor has a decladding vessel separating fuel pellets from nuclear fuel rods via oxidation to produce U.sub.3O.sub.8. A fluorination vessel is coupled to the decladding vessel to remove hexafluorides from the U.sub.3O.sub.8 produced by the decladding vessel. An electrowinning vessel is coupled to the fluorination vessel removing plutonium and actinides via electrowinning.

Methods and systems for melting or augmenting a melt rate of material in a melter using electromagnetic radiation with a frequency between 0.9 GHz and 10 GHz. In some examples, a power and/or frequency of radiation used may be selected so as to control a temperature of a cold cap in the melter while maintaining emissions from the melter below a threshold level. In this manner, examples described herein may provide for efficient and safe melting and vitrification of radioactive wastes.

Methods and systems for melting or augmenting a melt rate of material in a melter using electromagnetic radiation with a frequency between 0.9 GHz and 10 GHz. In some examples, a power and/or frequency of radiation used may be selected so as to control a temperature of a cold cap in the melter while maintaining emissions from the melter below a threshold level. In this manner, examples described herein may provide for efficient and safe melting and vitrification of radioactive wastes.

A chemical decontamination method includes a dissolution step in which a radioactive insoluble substance containing a metal oxide, the radioactive insoluble substance being adhered to a decontamination object including carbon steel, is dissolved in a decontamination solution and a metal-ion removal step in which the decontamination solution containing the metal ion, the decontamination solution being produced in the dissolution step, is brought into contact with a cation-exchange resin in order to remove the metal ion, the dissolution step including a reductive dissolution step conducted using a decontamination solution containing formic acid, ascorbic acid and/or erythorbic acid, and a corrosion inhibitor.

The present invention relates to a method of separating fine particles in soil using cationic magnetic nanoparticles, and more particularly, to a method of separating fine particles (clay, silt, etc.) that have adsorbed contaminants such as heavy metals or radioactive nuclides in soil using cationic magnetic nanoparticles.

According to the present invention, contaminants such as heavy metals or radioactive nuclides selectively or irreversibly adsorbed to fine particles (clay, silt, etc.) in soil may be economically and efficiently separated. Therefore, the present invention may be effectively used to restore soil in residential areas that are contaminated with radioactive nuclides in serious accidents such as the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster as well as facility sites contaminated with heavy metals or radioactive nuclides.

Provided herein is a method for reducing radiologically-contaminated waste. The method comprises treating radiologically-contaminated surfaces, wherein the radiologically-contaminated surfaces are treated with a surface treatment agent; treating radiologically-contaminated subsurfaces, wherein the radiologically-contaminated subsurfaces are treated with a surface/subsurface treatment agent; consolidating soil waste; employing real-time scanning technology to classify waste, wherein the classifying is based at least in part on a threshold of radiological contamination, and wherein the classified waste is sorted based on the classification; and disposing of the waste via at least one of different disposal routes, based at least in part on the classification.

Provided herein is a method for reducing radiologically-contaminated waste. The method comprises treating radiologically-contaminated surfaces, wherein the radiologically-contaminated surfaces are treated with a surface treatment agent; treating radiologically-contaminated subsurfaces, wherein the radiologically-contaminated subsurfaces are treated with a surface/subsurface treatment agent; consolidating soil waste; employing real-time scanning technology to classify waste, wherein the classifying is based at least in part on a threshold of radiological contamination, and wherein the classified waste is sorted based on the classification; and disposing of the waste via at least one of different disposal routes, based at least in part on the classification.