A radioactive fine particle manufacturing system and method to manufacture physically stable radioactive fine particles, and which enables performance evaluation of a radioactivity measuring instrument employing a physical indicator, by controlling radioactivity concentration, and facilitating performance evaluation of the overall radioactivity measuring instrument. The radioactive fine particle manufacturing system includes a radioactive gas generating system, a specific particle-sized aerosol generating system and a mixing chamber, to manufacture radioactive fine particles employing natural radioactive nuclides, and uses. .sup.220Rn to manufacture radioactive fine particles using physically stable progeny nuclides. In the mixing chamber, the progeny nuclides are caused to attach only to an aerosol having a specific particle size, to generate radioactive fine particles having a specific particle size.

A method for the manufacture of Actinium-225 from a Radium-226 containing material. Radium-226 containing starting target material is shielded with a thermal neutron absorption shield and is subjected to neutron irradiation from a moderated nuclear reactor. Radium-226 is thereby converted into Radium-225 to provide a Radium-225-containing material. The Radium-225 in the Radium-225 containing material is allowed to decay into Actinium-225, and the Actinium-225 is isolated from the Radium-225 containing material. The neutron absorption shield shields the starting target material from neutrons having an energy in the range of 20 eV to 1000 eV.

Apparatus for radioisotope production includes housing, a plurality of target disks inside the housing and a curved windows positioned convex inward toward the disks. During operation, coolant flows though the housing across the disks and windows while electron beams passes through the window and the disks. The window temperature increases, rising the fastest in the middle of the window where the electron beam hits the window. A flat window would buckle because the center would deform during thermal expansion against the relatively unaffected periphery, but the curved window shape allows the window to endure high thermal and mechanical stress created by a combination of heating from the electron beam(s) and elevated pressure from coolant on the inside of the window. Such a window may be used for applications in which a pressurized coolant acts on only one side of the window.

An object of the present invention is to provide a method for purifying efficiently and easily a .sup.226Ra-containing solution obtained when .sup.225Ac is produced from a .sup.226Ra target, a method for producing a .sup.226Ra target by using the purified .sup.226Ra-containing solution obtained by the above purification method, and a method for producing .sup.225Ac including these above methods. The method for purifying a .sup.226Ra-containing solution according to the present invention is characterized by including an adsorption step (R1) of allowing .sup.226Ra ions to adsorb onto a carrier having a function of selectively adsorbing divalent cations by bringing a .sup.226Ra-containing solution (a) into contact with the carrier under an alkaline condition; and an elution step (R2) of eluting the .sup.226Ra ions from the carrier under an acidic condition.

Methods and systems are provided for continuous-flow production of radioisotopes with high specific activity. Radioisotopes with high specific activity produced according to the methods described are also provided. The methods can include causing a liquid capture matrix to contact a target containing a target nuclide; irradiating the target with radiation, ionizing radiation, particles, or a combination thereof to produce the radionuclides that are ejected from the target and into the capture matrix; and causing the liquid capture matrix containing the radionuclides to flow from the target to recover the capture matrix containing the radionuclides with high specific activity. The methods are suitable for the production of a variety of radionuclides. For example, in some aspects the target nuclide is .sup.237Np, and the radionuclide is .sup.238Np that decays to produce .sup.238Pu. In other aspects, the target nuclide is .sup.98Mo, and the radionuclide is .sup.99Mo that decays to produce .sup.99mTc.

An apparatus for producing .sup.99Mo from a plurality of .sup.100Mo targets through a photo-nuclear reaction on the .sup.100Mo targets. The apparatus comprises: (i) an electron linear accelerator component; (ii) a converter component capable of receiving the electron beam and producing therefrom a shower of bremsstrahlung photons; (iii) a target irradiation component for receiving the shower of bremsstrahlung photons for irradiation of a target holder mounted and positioned therein. The target holder houses a plurality of .sup.100Mo target discs. The apparatus additionally comprises (iv) a target holder transfer and recovery component for receiving, manipulating and conveying the target holder by remote control; (v) a first cooling system sealingly engaged with the converter component for circulation of a coolant fluid therethrough; and (vi) a second cooling system sealingly engaged with the target irradiation component for circulation of a coolant fluid therethrough.

An equatorial anthropic radiation source and a method of making an equatorial anthropic radiation source are described. The radiation source is useful in diagnostic imaging applications in healthcare or other industries (e.g. computerized three-dimensional segmental imaging; Crompton scattering imaging techniques; radiation detector check and calibration, in particular CdZnTe detectors commonly used in medical imaging).

A new column-based purification system and approach are described for rapid separation and purification of the alpha-emitting therapeutic radioisotope .sup.211At from dissolved cyclotron targets that provide highly reproducible product results with excellent .sup.211At species distributions and high antibody labeling yields compared with prior art manual extraction results of the prior art that can be expected to enable enhanced production of purified .sup.211At isotope products suitable for therapeutic medical applications such as treatment of cancer in human patients.

An irradiation target for the production of radioisotopes, comprising at least one plate defining a central opening and an elongated central member passing through the central opening of the at least one plate so that the at least one plate is retained thereon, wherein the at least one plate and the elongated central member are both formed of materials that produce molybdenum-99 (Mo-99) by way of neutron capture.

A method for producing lead-212 of very high radiological purity from an aqueous solution comprising thorium-228 and daughters thereof. Manufacture of radiopharmaceuticals based on lead-212, which are useful in nuclear medicine and, in particular, in targeted alpha radiation therapy for the treatment of cancers.