Aspects of the present disclosure may include a method and/or a system for identifying an ion chain having a plurality of trapped ions, selecting at least two non-consecutive trapped ions in the ion chain for implementing a qubit, applying at least a first Raman beam to shuttle at least one neighbor ion of the at least two non-consecutive trapped ions from a ground state to a metastable state, and applying at least a second Raman beam to one or more of the at least two non-consecutive trapped ions, after shuttling the at least one neighbor ion to the metastable state, to transition from a first manifold to a second manifold.

Generation of impurity ions is prevented or reduced in a carbon ion generating device in which a laser-driven ion acceleration system is employed. A carbon ion generating device generates a carbonized region by irradiating a film made of an organic compound with a first laser beam, and generates carbon ions by irradiating at least a part of the carbonized region with a second laser beam.

Generation of impurity ions is prevented or reduced in a carbon ion generating device in which a laser-driven ion acceleration system is employed. A carbon ion generating device generates a carbonized region by irradiating a film made of an organic compound with a first laser beam, and generates carbon ions by irradiating at least a part of the carbonized region with a second laser beam.

A photonically multiplexed optical measurement apparatus for performing optical multiplexing includes a laser that produces laser light, an optical switch that receives the laser light from the laser and produces a switched laser light, and a plurality of sensor heads, each sensor head being configured to measure a respective physical property of a plurality of cold atoms disposed in the sensor head. The optical switch optically switches the laser light from the laser to a selected sensor head and subsequently to a different sensor head.

An apparatus useful for creating and measuring states of an entangled system, comprising a pair of interacting multi-level systems, each of systems comprising a state |g>, a state |r>, and state |r*>. One or more first electromagnetic fields excite a first transition between the ground state |g> and the state |r> to create an entangled system. One or more second electromagnetic fields are tuned between the state |r> and the intermediate state |r*> so that any population of the systems in |r*> are dark to a subsequent detection of a population in the systems in |g>, providing a means to distinguish the entangled system in the state |g> and the entangled system in the state |r>. In one or more examples, the systems comprise neutral Rydberg atoms.

A quantum-computing device includes an atom-trapping unit configured to generate a three-dimensional array of optical tweezers in an ultra-high-vacuum chamber; an atom source, for generating a beam of atoms that is directed toward the space containing the three-dimensional array of optical tweezers; a magneto-optical system for cooling the atoms, the system being configured to generate, in the space containing the array, a gray molasses; and a system for applying quantum logic gates to atoms trapped in the optical tweezers of the array; and a cryostat for establishing a cryogenic temperature in the ultra-high-vacuum chamber; the atom-trapping unit comprising two lens-holding barrels placed facing, each barrel holding one of the aspherical lenses with a sufficient clearance to compensate for a differential in thermal contraction between the barrel and the lens during a passage from an ambient temperature to a cryogenic temperature.

A nanotweezer and method of trapping and dynamic manipulation thereby are provided. The nanotweezer comprises a first metastructure including a first substrate, a first electrode, and a plurality of plasmonic nanostructures arranged in an array, and a trapping region laterally displaced from the array; a second metastructure including a second substrate and a second electrode; a microfluidic channel between the first metastructure and the second metastructure; a voltage source configured to selectively apply an electric field between the first electrode and the second electrode; and a light source configured to selectively apply an excitation light to the microfluidic channel at a first location corresponding to the array, thereby to trap a nanoparticle at a second location corresponding to the trapping region.

Disclosed embodiments include an energy directing device having one or more energy relay elements configured to direct energy from one or more energy locations through the device. In an embodiment, surfaces of the one or more energy relay elements may form a singular seamless energy surface where a separation between adjacent energy relay element surfaces is less than a minimum perceptible contour. In disclosed embodiments, energy is produced at energy locations having an active energy surface and a mechanical envelope. In an embodiment, the energy directing device is configured to relay energy from the energy locations through the singular seamless energy surface while minimizing separation between energy locations due to their mechanical envelope. In embodiments, the energy relay elements may comprise energy relays utilizing transverse Anderson localization phenomena.

Disclosed embodiments include an energy directing device having one or more energy relay elements configured to direct energy from one or more energy locations through the device. In an embodiment, surfaces of the one or more energy relay elements may form a singular seamless energy surface where a separation between adjacent energy relay element surfaces is less than a minimum perceptible contour. In disclosed embodiments, energy is produced at energy locations having an active energy surface and a mechanical envelope. In an embodiment, the energy directing device is configured to relay energy from the energy locations through the singular seamless energy surface while minimizing separation between energy locations due to their mechanical envelope. In embodiments, the energy relay elements may comprise energy relays utilizing transverse Anderson localization phenomena.

A method is for manufacturing a radiation window for an X-ray measurement apparatus. The method includes producing an etch stop layer on a surface of a carrier and producing a foil structure on a side of the etch stop layer opposite the carrier. A combined structure with the etch stop layer and the foil structure is attached to a region around an opening in a housing of the X-ray measurement apparatus with the foil structure facing the housing so that an edge strengthening structure is arranged between the combined structure and an edge region around the opening in the housing or partly inside the foil structure. At least part of the carrier is detached before attaching the combined structure or detaching at least part of the carrier after attaching the combined structure, wherein the combined structure includes the carrier. A radiation window is for an X-ray measurement apparatus.