A vector-magnetic-property-controlling material according to the present embodiment is subjected to a scratching process in two directions that intersect on the surface of a steel material. An iron core according to the present embodiment is configured from an oriented magnetic steel material which has been subjected to a scratching process in two directions that intersect on the surface thereof.

The invention relates to a secure electrical supply system for powering an electrical load (3) comprising: a main electrical power supply source (1), an electrical power supply circuit (8) linking the main electrical power supply source (1) to the electrical load, at least one control unit (5) for opening or closing said electrical power supply circuit (8), a secondary electrical power supply source (2) connected to the electrical power supply circuit and designed to power the electrical load (3) in case of interruption of the electrical power supply provided by the main electrical power supply source (1), a control device (6) comprising an emitter device (60) designed to dispatch a message representative of a change of state of the control unit (5) and a receiver device (61) designed to receive said message and to control the turning on or the turning off of said secondary electrical power supply source (2) according to the new state taken by the control unit (5).

An electromagnetic actuator for a valve mechanism, in particular in a common rail system of a motor vehicle, comprising an armature tappet for actuating a valve element located in a channel, and comprising a pole core, the armature tappet being movable axially along a central axis of the actuator when an excitation coil of an excitation system is energized. The pole core therefore has a tubular shape and has a circumferential flange in the area of the pole core end facing the channel, said flange extending inward in relation to the central axis.

In a main magnetic circuit, first pulling force generated based on a first component of the magnetic flux flowing through the main magnetic path pulls a movable core in a reciprocation direction of the movable core. The first pulling force increases with a reduction of a dimension of the gap. In an auxiliary magnetic circuit, second pulling force generated based on the second component of the magnetic flux flowing through the auxiliary magnetic path pulls the movable core in the reciprocation direction of the movable core. In the auxiliary magnetic circuit, the second pulling force with the dimension of the gap being within a first range is changed to be higher than the second pulling force with the dimension of the gap being within a second range, the second range being smaller than the first range.

In a main magnetic circuit, first pulling force generated based on a first component of the magnetic flux flowing through the main magnetic path pulls a movable core in a reciprocation direction of the movable core. The first pulling force increases with a reduction of a dimension of the gap. In an auxiliary magnetic circuit, second pulling force generated based on the second component of the magnetic flux flowing through the auxiliary magnetic path pulls the movable core in the reciprocation direction of the movable core. In the auxiliary magnetic circuit, the second pulling force with the dimension of the gap being within a first range is changed to be higher than the second pulling force with the dimension of the gap being within a second range, the second range being smaller than the first range.

This invention entails the use of fractal shapes as cores for electromagnets, and a concurrent shape of a fractal for the windings which surround it. The novelty of this invention lies not only with the shaping, but the advantage of such shaping, which includes producing a smaller form factor electromagnet for the same desired magnetic field strength, when compared to a conventional electromagnet. It will be appreciated that a range of devices including electromagnets, based on such fractal shaping, are additionally novel and include but are not limited to solenoid switches, relays, and other devices in which the fractal electromagnets are used to make a change in state of some device.

This invention entails the use of fractal shapes as cores for electromagnets, and a concurrent shape of a fractal for the windings which surround it. The novelty of this invention lies not only with the shaping, but the advantage of such shaping, which includes producing a smaller form factor electromagnet for the same desired magnetic field strength, when compared to a conventional electromagnet. It will be appreciated that a range of devices including electromagnets, based on such fractal shaping, are additionally novel and include but are not limited to solenoid switches, relays, and other devices in which the fractal electromagnets are used to make a change in state of some device.

A power transmitter transfers power to a power receiver using a wireless power signal. The power transmitter comprises an inductor driven by a power signal generator to provide the power signal. A calibration controller determines whether a power loss calibration has been performed for the power transmitter and power receiver pairing. The calibration adapts an expected relationship between a received power indication provided by the power receiver and a transmitted power indication for the power transmitter. A power limiter restricts the power provided to the inductor to not exceed a threshold unless a power loss calibration has been performed for the pairing. The expected relationship may be used to detect unaccounted for power losses, e.g. due to foreign objects being present. The calibrated expected relationship may provide improved accuracy allowing accurate detection at higher power levels. At lower power levels such accuracy is not needed, and no calibration needs to be performed.

The invention relates to a method for manufacturing a pole tube, with two magnetic pole tube parts, for an electromagnet, in particular for a magnetic valve of an automatic transmission in an automobile, including the following steps: (a) arranging the pole tube parts on a centering arbor; and (b), connecting, in particular insert molding and/or casting an outer lateral surface of the pole tube parts; wherein the centering arbor has a radially expandable cylinder surface also closed even in the expanded state. Further, the invention relates to, in particular with the method obtainable, a pole tube, an electromagnet for a magnetic valve, in particular for an automatic transmission in an automobile, having a pole tube according to the invention, and an apparatus for the manufacture of the pole tube.

A electromagnetic actuating device for a valve, having an armature arranged in a hollow cylindrical armature chamber axially displaceable between two axial stops, wherein the armature chamber is delimited by a magnet yoke. An electrical coil extends coaxially around the armature, and the magnet yoke is at least partially arranged in a housing. The armature has a cylindrical geometry with a base remote from the housing and with a hollow cylindrical end section situated axially opposite. The base is remote from the housing and connected to an actuating plunger. A guide sleeve is mounted axially onto the hollow cylindrical end section of the armature, and on that end of the guide sleeve which is remote from the actuating plunger, there is arranged or formed an adhesion prevention device which prevents or at least greatly impedes axial adhesion of the armature to the magnet yoke. The guide sleeve makes it possible to realize a reduction in width of the parasitic air gap between the armature and the magnet yoke in order to increase the actuating forces of the actuating device with simultaneously reduced number of components.