Apparatus is provided that includes a surgical tool for use with solid particles and a physiological liquid solution. The surgical tool includes (a) a shaft unit, which is shaped so as to define a delivery lumen, and a distal opening, which is disposed within 10 mm of a distal end of the shaft unit, in fluid communication with the delivery lumen; (b) a composition source, which is coupled in fluid communication with the delivery lumen, and which is configured to provide a solid-liquid composition of the solid particles and the physiological liquid solution; and (c) a pump, which is configured to pump the solid-liquid composition through the distal opening via the delivery lumen.

A method (30) for disinfection of a biofilm layer comprises thinning (34) the biofilm layer from an initial thickness to below a given thickness. The method further includes actively drying (36) the thinned biofilm layer for a predetermined active drying interval to disinfect and remove a substantial portion of the body of biofilm bacteria of the thinned biofilm layer. A device (50) for disinfection of a biofilm layer is configured for implementing the method.

A oral irrigator device (10) for cleaning teeth, including a system (14) for producing a stream of liquid/air bursts and a nozzle (16) connected to the system, and through which the stream of liquid/air bursts are directed. The nozzle can include a guidance tip (26) including a base portion (30), a tip portion (28), and an orifice (31) through which the stream of liquid/air bursts exits at a flow output pattern, and a flow output pattern selection mechanism (90, 90′) connected to or positioned within the guidance tip. A flow output pattern selection mechanism can be configured to be selectively actuated and to vary, upon the actuation the flow output pattern between a first flow output pattern to at least a second flow output pattern.

An intraoral scanner system includes an intraoral scanner having an imaging device and a sensing face, and a computing device, communicatively coupled to the intraoral scanner. The computing device receives a first intraoral images of a three-dimensional intraoral object of a patient generated by the intraoral scanner corresponding to an intraoral scanning of the three-dimensional intraoral object of the patient. The computing device registers a first intraoral image of the first intraoral images relative to a second intraoral image of the first intraoral images using a model of the three-dimensional intraoral object that existed prior to the intraoral scanning.

An intraoral scanner system includes an intraoral scanner having an imaging device and a sensing face, and a computing device, communicatively coupled to the intraoral scanner. The computing device receives a first intraoral images of a three-dimensional intraoral object of a patient generated by the intraoral scanner corresponding to an intraoral scanning of the three-dimensional intraoral object of the patient. The computing device registers a first intraoral image of the first intraoral images relative to a second intraoral image of the first intraoral images using a model of the three-dimensional intraoral object that existed prior to the intraoral scanning.

A reciprocating endodontic hand tool in which the torque applied to an instrument such as a debriding file can be set at or below an endurance limit of the file below which failure of the instrument will not occur. In preferred embodiments the tool can switch between settings in which the torque applied to the instrument is between the endurance limit of the file and an elastic limit of the file, by setting forward and reverse angles of rotation within specified limits. This reduces or eliminates opportunities for plastic distortion, fatigue and breakage of the file during the canal debriding/cleaning/shaping process in a root canal treatment or retreatment. In some embodiments the torque may be set to at or below a durability limit of the file below which failure of the instrument will not occur through repetitive strain over the course of a particular root canal treatment or retreatment.

A medical treatment apparatus includes a power and control (PAC) device. The PAC device provides electrical power through a cable to a laser handpiece assembly to electrically power a laser source within the handpiece assembly. The PAC device controls operation of the handpiece assembly and detects an identification of the handpiece assembly. The PAC device also monitors data relating to operation of the handpiece assembly. The PAC device uploads, through a communication network to a user assistance center remote from the PAC device, the handpiece assembly identification and the monitored data.

An electric motor that enables to promote a further downsizing and performance enhancement, and a dental device that includes the electric motor. A brushless slotless electric motor 10 includes: a stator 3 that includes a stator core 301 and a plurality of coils 31 to 33 disposed inside of the stator core 301; a rotor 2 that includes a shaft 21, the rotor 2 being rotated around the shaft 21 with respect to the stator 3; and a medium pathway 40 through which a medium passes, the medium being supplied for actualizing a function of a dental handpiece 9A to which the electric motor 10 is applied. The plurality of coils 31 to 33 are adjacent to each other in a rotation direction of the rotor 2 so as not to lap mutually. The medium pathway 40 is disposed between the adjacent coils 31 to 33.

Provided are an electric motor that enables to achieve downsizing while securing performance, and a dental device that includes the electric motor. A brushless slotless electric motor 10 includes: a stator 3 that includes a stator core 301 and a plurality of coils 31 to 33, the plurality of coils 31 to 33 being disposed at an inside of the stator core 301; and a rotor 2 that includes a shaft 21 and a magnet 22, the rotor 2 being rotated around the shaft 21 with respect to the stator 3. The plurality of coils 31 to 33 are adjacent to each other in a rotation direction of the rotor 2 so as not to lap mutually. Lf<Lc is satisfied where Lf is a length of the stator core 301 in an axial direction and Lc is a length of the coil in the axial direction.

There is a need for a minimally invasive surgical treatment method for periodontitis for the removal of deep pockets, elimination of disease, creation of reattachment of the gingiva to the tooth surface and true regeneration of the attachment apparatus (new cementum, new periodontal ligament, and new alveolar bone) on a previously diseased root surface. The PerioLase® MVP-7™ including eGUI or another device capable of laser dosimetry, such as an original MVP-7™ type laser without the eGUI, achieves this with the LANAP protocol (laser-assisted new attachment procedure) and the LENAP protocol (laser excisional new attachment procedure).