An electrochemical reactor includes an ion ON/OFF surface switch operating as an ionic conductor, which includes a pair of electrodes, an electrolyte aqueous solution present between the pair of electrodes, a water-repellent porous fluororesin membrane disposed such that at least one surface thereof is in contact with the electrolyte aqueous solution and including a plurality of pores communicating with each other and a pressing equipment configured to pressurize the electrolyte aqueous solution. As such, electrolysis, a secondary battery and a capacitor, which uses the water-repellent porous fluororesin membrane as an ion ON/OFF surface switch, can be provided.

An electrochemical reactor includes an ion ON/OFF surface switch operating as an ionic conductor, which includes a pair of electrodes, an electrolyte aqueous solution present between the pair of electrodes, a water-repellent porous fluororesin membrane disposed such that at least one surface thereof is in contact with the electrolyte aqueous solution and including a plurality of pores communicating with each other and a pressing equipment configured to pressurize the electrolyte aqueous solution. As such, electrolysis, a secondary battery and a capacitor, which uses the water-repellent porous fluororesin membrane as an ion ON/OFF surface switch, can be provided.

Provided is a humidity sensor including a support body, an RFID chip, an antenna, and a capacitor on the support body, a top cover sheet on the RFID chip and the antenna, and a hydrophobic material pattern on the capacitor, wherein the capacitor is exposed by the top cover sheet, the hydrophobic material pattern has a network shape including a plurality of holes, and an electrostatic capacitance of the capacitor changes according to humidity.

An electronic modulating device is provided. The electronic modulating device includes a first substrate, a second substrate, at least one working unit, and at least one adjustment structure. The first substrate includes a recess. The second substrate is disposed opposite to the first substrate. The at least one working unit includes a first cell gap and is disposed between the first substrate and the second substrate. The at least one working unit includes a modulating material. The at least one adjustment structure is disposed corresponding to the recess and includes a second cell gap and is disposed between the first substrate and the second substrate. The second cell gap is greater than the first cell gap.

An electronic modulating device is provided. The electronic modulating device includes a first substrate, a second substrate, at least one working unit, and at least one adjustment structure. The first substrate includes a recess. The second substrate is disposed opposite to the first substrate. The at least one working unit includes a first cell gap and is disposed between the first substrate and the second substrate. The at least one working unit includes a modulating material. The at least one adjustment structure is disposed corresponding to the recess and includes a second cell gap and is disposed between the first substrate and the second substrate. The second cell gap is greater than the first cell gap.

An electronic device is provided. The electronic device includes a first conductive layer, a second conductive layer that is formed to be opposite to the first conductive layer. The second conductive layer includes conductors that are electrically separated, and one or more photo-conductive members connected between the conductors. The electronic device further includes an insulating layer that is interposed between the first conductive layer and the second conductive layer, one or more light sources positioned to face the one or more photo-conductive members, and a control circuit. The control circuit outputs a specified light through the light source such that an electric conductivity of the photo-conductive member increases in response to a light, from among the photo-conductive members and some conductors are electrically connected with the photo-conductive member, and a capacitance value between the first conductive layer and the second conductive layer is changed.

An electronic device is provided. The electronic device includes a first conductive layer, a second conductive layer that is formed to be opposite to the first conductive layer. The second conductive layer includes conductors that are electrically separated, and one or more photo-conductive members connected between the conductors. The electronic device further includes an insulating layer that is interposed between the first conductive layer and the second conductive layer, one or more light sources positioned to face the one or more photo-conductive members, and a control circuit. The control circuit outputs a specified light through the light source such that an electric conductivity of the photo-conductive member increases in response to a light, from among the photo-conductive members and some conductors are electrically connected with the photo-conductive member, and a capacitance value between the first conductive layer and the second conductive layer is changed.

A method of manufacturing a ceramic electronic component includes adding a modifier to a surface of chip containing ceramics and an organic material, applying a conductive paste on the surface of the chip to which the modifier has been added, and firing the chip along with the conductive paste applied on the chip.

An apparatus and associated method are provided involving one or more registers configured to store a plurality of values including a first value corresponding with a first capacitance, and a second value corresponding with a second capacitance. Further included is a decoder configured to decode the values into corresponding capacitive settings. Also included is one or more capacitive elements in electrical communication with the decoder. Such one or more capacitive elements are configured to exhibit different capacitances, based on the capacitive settings. Also included is control circuitry in electrical communication with the decoder and the one or more registers. Such control circuitry is configured to control a transition of the capacitance of the one or more capacitive elements from the first capacitance to the second capacitance, by creating a plurality of additional values between the first value and the second value for being decoded by the decoder.

Systems, devices, and methods for micro-electro-mechanical system (MEMS) tunable capacitors can include a fixed actuation electrode attached to a substrate, a fixed capacitive electrode attached to the substrate, and a movable component positioned above the substrate and movable with respect to the fixed actuation electrode and the fixed capacitive electrode. The movable component can include a movable actuation electrode positioned above the fixed actuation electrode and a movable capacitive electrode positioned above the fixed capacitive electrode. At least a portion of the movable capacitive electrode can be spaced apart from the fixed capacitive electrode by a first gap, and the movable actuation electrode can be spaced apart from the fixed actuation electrode by a second gap that is larger than the first gap.