There is described a carbon material comprising sp.sup.2 and sp.sup.3 hybridised carbon. Also described is a method of making a carbon material the method comprising: exposing a substrate to a flux of at least 10.sup.11 carbon ions per cm.sup.2 of substrate per 1 ms, a majority of the carbon ions having a kinetic energy of at least 10 eV. Further, electrodes comprising the carbon material are described. The electrodes may operate as an anode in Li ion battery characterised with improved specific capacity and operation life-time.

The method of making a porous nitrogen-doped carbon electrode from biomass is a chemical activation-based method of making a porous graphite carbon electrode for supercapacitors and the like. Date palm pollen grains are used as a precursor biomass carbon source for producing the porous graphite carbon. A volume of date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) pollen grains is mixed into an aqueous solution of potassium hydroxide to produce a precursor carbon solution. The precursor carbon solution is dried to produce precursor carbon, and the precursor carbon is heated in an inert atmosphere to produce porous nitrogen-doped graphite carbon. The porous nitrogen-doped graphite carbon is washed, dried and mixed with a polyvinylidene difluoride binder, carbon black, and a solvent to form a slurry. The slurry is then coated on nickel foam to form a porous nitrogen-doped carbon electrode. The porous nitrogen-doped carbon electrode is dried, weighted and pressed into a sheet electrode.

The present invention relates to a lithium secondary battery including a positive electrode including a positive active material layer, the positive active material layer including a positive active material and a carbonaceous nanostructure; a negative electrode including a negative active material; and an electrolyte. The electrolyte includes a non-aqueous organic solvent, a lithium salt, and an additive including a compound represented by Chemical Formula 1, wherein the amount of the carbonaceous nanostructure is about 0.5 wt % or more and less than 4 wt % based on 100 wt % of the total amount of the positive active material layer.

##STR00001## wherein, in Chemical Formula 1, A is a substituted or unsubstituted aliphatic chain or (C.sub.2H.sub.4OC.sub.2H.sub.4-)n, and n is an integer from 1 to 10.

Disclosed is a base plate structure for an electricity storage pack including an electricity storage module including a plurality of electricity storage elements, the base plate structure including: a unit base plate that has a shape having a plurality of sides in a plan view, and on which at least one electricity storage module is to be placed; and a wiring member that is to be connected to the electricity storage module. The unit base plate includes: a plurality of unit routing grooves configured to route the wiring member such that a routing direction of the wiring member can be changed; and a unit coupling portion that is formed on each of the sides, and that is configured to couple the unit base plate to another unit base plate.

The electronic device includes a first housing including a solar battery, a first display device, and a first structure body and a second housing including a second display device, a coil, an electric double-layer capacitor, a signal processing circuit, a charge and discharge control circuit, and a second structure body. The electronic device can be folded so that display surfaces of the first housing and the second housing face each other and the first structure body and the second structure body face each other. The solar battery is provided on a surface of the first housing on the rear side of the first display device. A pixel included in the first display device and a pixel included in the second display device each include a liquid crystal element, a first pixel circuit, a light-emitting element, and a second pixel circuit. The liquid crystal element includes a reflective electrode having an opening and can perform display by reflecting external light. The light-emitting element can perform display by emitting light toward the display surface through the opening.

A continuous electric/electronic device and a method of manufacturing the same are disclosed. The method of manufacturing a continuous electric/electronic device having a serial connection structure comprises (a) disposing a first electrode current collection unit, (b) disposing first organicinorganic material in regard to the first electrode current collection unit, (c) laminating a first area of a second electrode current collection unit on the disposed first organicinorganic material, (d) disposing second organicinorganic material in regard to a second area of the second electrode current collection unit and (e) laminating a third electrode current collection unit on the disposed second organicinorganic material. Here, the first area and the second area of the second electrode current collection unit operate as current collection units having different polarity in regard to adjoining first organicinorganic material and second organicinorganic material.

An electrode includes a core portion including a first metal, and a porous portion disposed in contact with the core portion. The porous portion includes a porous body, a first dielectric layer, and a second dielectric layer. The porous body is integrated with the core portion and includes the first metal. The first dielectric layer covers at least a part of a surface of the porous body. And the second dielectric layer covers at least a part of the first dielectric layer. The first dielectric layer includes oxide of first metal, and the second dielectric layer includes oxide of a second metal. The second metal is different from the first metal. When T is a thickness of the porous portion, the second metal is distributed to a region closer to the core portion than a position of 0.5T from a boundary between the core portion and the porous portion.

The present disclosure provides supercapacitors that may avoid the shortcomings of current energy storage technology. Provided herein are electrochemical systems, comprising three dimensional porous reduced graphene oxide film electrodes. Prototype supercapacitors disclosed herein may exhibit improved performance compared to commercial supercapacitors. Additionally, the present disclosure provides a simple, yet versatile technique for the fabrication of supercapacitors through the direct preparation of three dimensional porous reduced graphene oxide films by filtration and freeze casting.

The present disclosure provides supercapacitors that may avoid the shortcomings of current energy storage technology. Provided herein are electrochemical systems, comprising three dimensional porous reduced graphene oxide film electrodes. Prototype supercapacitors disclosed herein may exhibit improved performance compared to commercial supercapacitors. Additionally, the present disclosure provides a simple, yet versatile technique for the fabrication of supercapacitors through the direct preparation of three dimensional porous reduced graphene oxide films by filtration and freeze casting.

An object of the present invention is to provide a carbonaceous material used for an electric double layer capacitor having a high electrostatic capacity and capable of maintaining the high electrostatic capacity and energy density over a long period and a method for producing the same. The present invention relates to a carbonaceous material having a specific surface area of 1,200 m.sup.2/g to 1,800 m.sup.2/g according to a BET method, an R-value of 1.2 or more and a G-band half-value width of 70 cm.sup.1 or more according to a Raman spectrum.