Methods of operating an automatic transfer switch (ATS) include detecting a first transition of an auxiliary contact set mechanically linked to a switch that selectively couples first and second AC power sources to an output of the ATS, determining a transition duration based on the detected first transition and a first assertion time of a first command for the first transition, identifying a second assertion time based on the determined transition duration, and asserting a second command for a second transition of the switch at the identified second assertion time.

Systems and methods of detecting current leakage in a heating element are provided. An alternating current signal can be applied to the heating element. The heating element can have an associated line relay and an associated neutral relay coupled to a line terminal of the heating element and a neutral terminal of the heating element, respectively. A control system can be configured to control a sequence of operations of the line and neutral relays such that the magnitude of a leakage current flowing through the heating element to ground is increased. Such increased magnitude can facilitate detection of the leakage current. The detected leakage current can be compared with a leakage threshold. The control system can cease the operation of the heating element if the leakage current is greater than the leakage threshold.

A PoE system includes a plurality of PoE devices and a hub that are coupled in a ring configuration through a plurality of network cables. The hub is coupled to two of the network cables, and provides electric power to at least one of the network cables that is coupled to the hub. Each of the PoE devices is coupled to two of the network cables, receives electric power from one of the two network cables, and supplies electric power to the other one of the two network cables. As a consequence, each of the PoE devices can be directly or indirectly powered by the hub.

A PoE system includes a plurality of PoE devices and a hub that are coupled in a ring configuration through a plurality of network cables. The hub is coupled to two of the network cables, and provides electric power to at least one of the network cables that is coupled to the hub. Each of the PoE devices is coupled to two of the network cables, receives electric power from one of the two network cables, and supplies electric power to the other one of the two network cables. As a consequence, each of the PoE devices can be directly or indirectly powered by the hub.

A method of controlling a circuit breaker that has a movable contact and an actuator for moving the movable contact between an open position and a closed position. With the movable contact in the open position, a voltage is applied to the actuator to cause the movable contact to move towards the closed position. The voltage is applied for a limited time period ending before the movable contact reaches the closed position. At the end of the limited time period, the voltage is adjusted to reduce the acceleration exerted on the contact. The voltage is subsequently increased just before, after, or substantially at the same time as the contact reaches its closed position.

A vehicle emergency start device and a wire clip device are provided. The vehicle emergency start device includes a switch module, a reverse connection protection module, an emergency start switch and an output module; the switch module is respectively connected to the emergency start power supply of the vehicle and the output module, and the reverse connection protection module is used for reverse connection detection and/or load detection; and the emergency start switch is connected to the switch module.

A control module adapted to be attached to a power adapter is described. The control module may comprise a plurality of contact elements including a first contact element adapted to receive a line voltage and a second contact element adapted to receive a reference voltage; a switch coupled to receive the line voltage; a third contact element coupled to the switch and adapted to provide the line voltage to a power adapter; and a control circuit coupled to the switch and adapted to control the state of the switch; and a fourth contact element coupled to the control circuit; wherein the control circuit generates a signal adapted to be routed to the power adapter by way of the fourth contact element

A discharge device for discharging electrostatic charges from a shaft includes a frame support having a first leg and a second leg and a contact strand for forming a contact surface with the shaft, a first end of the contact strand being clamped on the first leg and a second end of the contact strand being mounted so as to be displaceable on the second leg, a receiving means which is disposed on the frame support, the second end of the contact strand extending at least partly into the receiving means, and a switch, in particular a reed switch, which is disposed in the receiving means or in the contact strand and which is configured so as to be activated as a result of a displacement of the second end of the contact strand, said second end extending at least partly into the receiving means.

This disclosure relates to monitoring the condition of electrical/electronic switches over time by monitoring the impedance of the switch. The condition of switches can degrade as they age, which can reduce their performance and may ultimately lead to failure. In many applications, particularly high-voltage applications, the reliable operation of switches may be very important and failures can present a safety risk and cause costly unscheduled system downtime for repairs. It has been realised that as the condition of switches change, their impedance changes, so monitoring the impedance can give a good indication of the condition of the switch, enabling potential faults/failures to be identified early and acted upon pre-emptively.

A control device for power supply time of timers comprises an alternative current (AC) power source input module, a direct current (DC) power source supply module, an AC power source output module electrically connected to a load end, a relay, a central control module, a relay driver circuit, a day/night detecting module, a power supply time backward display light set, a power supply time forward display light set, a power supply time backward selection control button and a power supply time forward selection control button. Herein, by pressing the power supply time backward selection control button or the power supply time forward selection control button, one of the power supply time backward display lights or the power supply time forward display lights can be turned on such that the central control module can, based on the sunset time of the previous day as well as the configured power supply backward setting time or power supply forward setting time, postpone or advance the power supply time for the load end in the next day, and then record the sunset time of the next day so as to control the power supply time for the load end in the further next day.