Systems and apparatuses include a mesh network for power distribution. The mesh network includes a plurality of interconnected four-way automatic transfer switches. Each four-way automatic transfer switch includes a common pole, a first pole selectively coupled to the common pole with a first switching device, a second pole selectively coupled to the common pole with a second switching device, a third pole selectively coupled to the common pole with a third switching device, and a fourth pole selectively coupled to the common pole with a fourth switching device. The common pole of a first interconnected four-way automatic transfer switch of the plurality of interconnected four-way automatic transfer switches is structured to provide power to a corresponding load, and the common poles of two or more of the plurality of interconnected four-way automatic transfer switches are structured to receive power from corresponding power sources.

The power system may include a main circuit arrangement having a power source, a load and a circuit breaker. The power system may additionally include an energy harvesting circuit arrangement connected to the main circuit arrangement. The energy harvesting circuit arrangement may include an operating switch and an energy harvester. The power system may also further include a trigger mechanism, which may be configured to, when detecting a current above a predetermined value in the main circuit arrangement, trigger the circuit breaker to switch from a closed mode to an open mode. The trigger mechanism may also be configured to trigger the operating switch to switch from an open mode to a closed mode for a predetermined duration, and back to the open mode after the predetermined duration, thereby storing electrical energy in the energy harvester.

The power system may include a main circuit arrangement having a power source, a load and a circuit breaker. The power system may additionally include an energy harvesting circuit arrangement connected to the main circuit arrangement. The energy harvesting circuit arrangement may include an operating switch and an energy harvester. The power system may also further include a trigger mechanism, which may be configured to, when detecting a current above a predetermined value in the main circuit arrangement, trigger the circuit breaker to switch from a closed mode to an open mode. The trigger mechanism may also be configured to trigger the operating switch to switch from an open mode to a closed mode for a predetermined duration, and back to the open mode after the predetermined duration, thereby storing electrical energy in the energy harvester.

A miniature circuit breaker with an automatic opening/closing function, comprising a circuit breaker body and an automatic opening/closing driving mechanism; the body comprises circuit breakers, each comprising a plastic housing, an opening/closing handle and a manipulation mechanism; a spindle hole is at the rotation center of each handle; the driving mechanism comprises a case, a driving motor with a driving turbine, a linkage turbine, a linkage gear, an output spindle and a release linkage member; the driving motor drives the linkage turbine for reciprocating rotation via the driving turbine, and the linkage turbine drives the release linkage member for reciprocating rotation within a preset angle range via a cam linkage so that a lever of the release linkage member prods an opening release linkage rod to perform a rapid opening action; the linkage turbine drives the linkage gear and the output spindle to do synchronous rotation via driving teeth.

A circuit interrupter includes a sensor structured to output a sensor signal, a control unit structured to receive an external control signal, the control unit including: a communication interface structured to receive the external control signal, and a waveform generator structured to generate a waveform equivalent to the sensor signal in response to the external control, and a signal processing circuit structured to receive and process the sensor signal or the generated waveform and to output the processed sensor signal or generated waveform to the control unit.

A time-dependent element of the present invention includes a time-dependent phase transition material that undergoes solid-solid phase transition developing with time after production irrespective of the presence of an external stimulus, in which one or more physical properties of the time-dependent element selected from a group consisting of composition, volume, transmittance, reflectance, electric resistance, and magnetic property change with time. A physical property temporal change prediction device includes a physical property temporal change prediction device body having the time-dependent element and is configured to predict a temporal change in one or more physical properties selected from a group consisting of composition, volume, transmittance, reflectance, electric resistance, and magnetic property.

A time-dependent element of the present invention includes a time-dependent phase transition material that undergoes solid-solid phase transition developing with time after production irrespective of the presence of an external stimulus, in which one or more physical properties of the time-dependent element selected from a group consisting of composition, volume, transmittance, reflectance, electric resistance, and magnetic property change with time. A physical property temporal change prediction device includes a physical property temporal change prediction device body having the time-dependent element and is configured to predict a temporal change in one or more physical properties selected from a group consisting of composition, volume, transmittance, reflectance, electric resistance, and magnetic property.

The present disclosure is directed to preventing serious injury or death by electrocution due to contact with a power source, such as an alternating current (AC) voltage source. Methods and apparatus consistent with the present disclosure may controllably provide an electrical voltage to an electrical conductor for a period of time and then remove that voltage from the electrical conductor before providing the electrical voltage to the electrical conductor a second time. By initially connecting the electrical voltage to the conductor, then removing that electrical voltage from the conductor before re-connecting that electrical voltage to the conductor, methods and apparatus consistent with the present disclosure allow a person to let go of the electrical conductor before the person is seriously injured or killed by an electrical shock in an instance where the body of the person is in physical contact with the electrical conductor.

The present disclosure is directed to preventing serious injury or death by electrocution due to contact with a power source, such as an alternating current (AC) voltage source. Methods and apparatus consistent with the present disclosure may controllably provide an electrical voltage to an electrical conductor for a period of time and then remove that voltage from the electrical conductor before providing the electrical voltage to the electrical conductor a second time. By initially connecting the electrical voltage to the conductor, then removing that electrical voltage from the conductor before re-connecting that electrical voltage to the conductor, methods and apparatus consistent with the present disclosure allow a person to let go of the electrical conductor before the person is seriously injured or killed by an electrical shock in an instance where the body of the person is in physical contact with the electrical conductor.

The present invention discloses a data transmission apparatus of a circuit breaker controller. The data transmission apparatus comprises: a first component having a first power supply and a second component having a second power supply. The first component and the second component share a storage device. The second component is connected to a main circuit of the circuit breaker controller. The second component collects parameters of the main circuit and stores the parameters in the storage device. The second power supply powers the second component and is powered by the main circuit. The first component is connected to a communication device. The first component establishes data transmission between the communication device and the storage device. The first power supply powers the first component and is powered by an external power supply. The second power supply is connected to the first power supply and transmits a control signal to the first power supply.