Membrane materials and methods are disclosed for selectively separating or transporting ions in liquid media. In embodiments, the membranes comprise cellulose acetate polymer films having high cation, monovalent/divalent, and/or Li.sup.+/Mg.sup.2+ selectivity. Systems and methods for use of such membranes, including the direct extraction of lithium (DLE) from natural brines and other resources, also are disclosed.

A sealed battery according to the disclosure includes: a case provided with a case body having an opening therein and a lid that is sized so as to be capable of closing the opening and that has an electrolyte fill port; an electrode assembly that is housed in the case; and an electrolyte solution. The lid is provided with a filler plug that is welded to the lid so as to close the fill port. The lid has an outside surface with a region thereon subjected to electrolyte-repelling treatment so as to surround the weld where the filler plug is welded.

Ingestible event marker systems that include an ingestible event marker (i.e., an IEM) and a personal signal receiver are provided. Embodiments of the IEM include an identifier, which may or may not be present in a physiologically acceptable carrier. The identifier is characterized by being activated upon contact with a target internal physiological site of a body, such as digestive tract internal target site. The personal signal receiver is configured to be associated with a physiological location, e.g., inside of or on the body, and to receive a signal the IEM. During use, the IEM broadcasts a signal which is received by the personal signal receiver.

A paper-based triboelectric nanogenerator and a method of manufacturing the same are disclosed. The paper-based triboelectric nanogenerator of the present disclosure includes a sandwich structure including a first paper, conductive papers formed on the first paper and each including an electrode composed of a mesh-type conductive nanomaterial, and a second paper formed on the conductive papers; and a polymer film formed in a selective area on the second paper, wherein the number of the conductive papers formed on the first paper is two; the two conductive papers are formed so as to be spaced apart from each other in the horizontal direction; and the polymer film formed in the selective area is formed only in the upper area of one of the two conductive papers.

Transfer films, articles made therewith, and methods of making and using transfer films to form an electrical stack are disclosed. The transfer films (100) may include a plurality of co-extensive electrical protolayers (22, 23, 24) forming an electrical protolayer stack (20), at least selected or each electrical protolayer independently comprising at least 25 wt % sacrificial material and a thermally stable material and having a uniform thickness of less than 25 micrometers. The transfer films may include a plurality of co-extensive electrical protolayers forming an electrical protolayer stack, at least selected or each protolayer independently exhibiting a complex viscosity of between 10.sup.3 and 10.sup.4 Poise at a shear rate of 100/s when heated to a temperature between its Tg and T.sub.dec.

A battery bushing for rechargeable batteries has mounting and contacting sections and a torque ring between these sections. The torque ring or the outer surface can be endowed with several indentations. The mounting section is configured to hold the battery bushing within a battery cover, into which it is preferably injection molded. The battery bushing is a hollow body with outer and inner walls. At the contacting section, the outer wall is conically shaped. At the mounting section, the outer wall has at least one circumferential projection forming a labyrinth. The inner wall comprises at least an upper section, approximately surrounded by the contacting section and preferably having a conical shape, and a lower section approximately surrounded by the mounting section. The lower section preferably has (in a lateral sectional view) a concave shape. Between the upper and lower sections, there may be an edge or a step.

The present invention relates to a battery package attached to an external substrate, which includes an electronic circuit and a power terminal electrically connected to the electronic circuit, to supply power to the electronic circuit, or to accumulate energy by collecting power. A battery package, according to an exemplary embodiment, comprises: a battery unit that has one or more secondary battery cells and leads that are connected to the secondary battery cells and exposed; a flexible encapsulation body that accommodates the battery unit therein; exposed electrodes that are exposed on the surface of the flexible encapsulation body and are electrically connected to the leads to electrically connect to the electronic circuit; and a first Velcro part mounted on the surface of the flexible encapsulation body.

A battery capable of changing its form safely is provided. A bendable battery having a larger thickness is provided. A battery with increased capacity is provided. For an exterior body of the battery, a film in the shape of a periodic wave in one direction is used. A space is provided in an area surrounded by the exterior body and between an end portion of the electrode stack that is not fixed and an interior wall of the exterior body. Furthermore, the phases of waves of a pair of portions of the exterior body between which the electrode stack is located are different from each other. In particular, the phases are different from each other by 180 degrees so that wave crest lines overlap with each other and wave trough lines overlap with each other.

A thermal battery including a casing; a stack of cells disposed within the casing; a pressurizing element; an actuator when actuated, translates the pressurizing element to automatically engage and repressurize the stack of cells; and a latch configured to inhibit movement of the pressurizing element in a direction away from the stack of cells.

Methods, systems, and compositions for the liquid-phase deposition (LPD) of thin films. The thin films can be coated onto the surface of porous components of electrochemical devices, such as battery electrodes. Embodiments of the present disclosure achieve a faster, safer, and more cost-effective means for forming uniform, conformal layers on non-planar microstructures than known methods. In one aspect, the methods and systems involve exposing the component to be coated to different liquid reagents in sequential processing steps, with optional intervening rinsing and drying steps. Processing may occur in a single reaction chamber or multiple reaction chambers.