An energy distribution system. The energy distribution system has a housing with a rear terminal and a front terminal. An inlet unit receives air therethrough. The inlet unit then passes the air through a one-way valve into a reservoir where the air molecules undergo ionization. Once ionized, the gaseous air is converted into a plasma state. After being converted into the plasma state, electric energy is generated by a pair of magnets and stored in a capacitor.

An energy distribution system. The energy distribution system has a housing with a rear terminal and a front terminal. An inlet unit receives air therethrough. The inlet unit then passes the air through a one-way valve into a reservoir where the air molecules undergo ionization. Once ionized, the gaseous air is converted into a plasma state. After being converted into the plasma state, electric energy is generated by a pair of magnets and stored in a capacitor.

A battery module system includes at least one cell and a battery module processor. The battery module processor may be configured to receive at least one cell signal associated with the at least one cell, wherein the at least one cell signal includes at least one of a temperature signal, a voltage signal, or a current signal. The battery module processor may be also configured to determine a status of the at least one cell based on the at least one cell signal. The battery module system may be configured to removably connect to a master/module interface, and to deliver power from the at least one cell to the master/module interface. The battery module system may be also configured to communicate, from the battery module processor, the status of the at least one cell to the master/module interface.

A system and method for warming a fuel cell on an aircraft, the system includes at least one fuel cell. The fuel cell includes an anode and a cathode for creating thermal and electrical energy. A temperature sensor measures a first temperature of the fuel cell. A control unit is coupled to the temperature sensor. The control unit increases the first temperature to a second temperature in response to the first temperature being at least equal to a selected temperature threshold. Increasing of the first temperature is indicative of the control unit operating in a warming mode. The second temperature is higher than the selected temperature threshold.

A power management system for a hybrid vehicle including an engine includes a vehicle power bus distributing power from a battery to vehicle loads. A capacitor includes one of a plurality of supercapacitors and a plurality of ultracapacitors. A starter/generator controller communicates with the capacitor and the battery. A power management module is configured to supply current from the capacitor to the starter/generator controller during cranking of the engine; and supply current from the battery to the starter/generator controller during the cranking of the engine. The power supplied by the battery is greater than or equal to 2% and less than or equal to 20% of a total power supplied to the starter/generator controller during the cranking of the engine.

A negative electrode active material for lithium ion capacitor, which reduces the thickness of a negative-electrode active material layer while maintaining the conventional level of energy density. The negative-electrode active material is a composite carbon material manufactured by kneading a carbon black having an average particle diameter of 12 to 300 nm with a carbon precursor such as pitch, the resulting mixture is baked or graphitized baking between 800 C. to 3200 C., and then pulverized such that the average particle diameter (D.sub.50) thereof is 1 to 20 m and the BET specific surface area is between 100-350 m.sup.2/g. An initial charging capacity is at least 700 mAh/g, and the cell volume is reduced as the thickness of the negative electrode active material layer becomes thinner than the conventional one.

An energy storage device can have a first graphite film, a second graphite film and an electrode divider ring between the first graphite film and the second graphite film, forming a sealed enclosure. The energy storage device may be compatible with an aqueous electrolyte or a non-aqueous electrolyte. A method of forming an energy storage device can include providing an electrode divider ring, a first graphite film and a second graphite film. The method can include pressing a first edge of the electrode divider ring into a surface of the first graphite film, and pressing a second opposing edge of the electrode divider ring into a surface of the second graphite film to form a sealed enclosure. The sealed enclosure may have as opposing surfaces the surface of the first graphite film and the surface of the second graphite film.

A lithium ion energy and power system including: a housing containing: at least three electrodes including: at least one first electrode including a cathodic faradaic energy storage material; at least one second electrode including an anodic faradaic energy storage material; and at least one third electrode including a cathodic non-faradaic energy storage material, wherein the at least one first, second, and third electrodes are adjacent as defined herein, and the at least one second electrode is electrically isolated from the electrically coupled at least one first electrode and the at least one third electrode; a separator between the electrodes; and a liquid electrolyte between the electrodes. Also disclosed is a method of making and using the disclosed lithium ion energy and power system.

An electricity storage device 20 includes a positive electrode 22, a negative electrode 23 containing a layered structure of an aromatic dicarboxylic acid metal salt as an electrode active material, and an ion conducting medium 27 capable of conducting carrier ions. The layered structure is formed by spray-drying a solution prepared by containing aromatic dicarboxylic acid anions and alkali metal cations by using a spray-drying apparatus.

Apparatus and techniques are described herein for providing a plate such as can be included as a portion of a hybrid energy storage device assembly. A hybrid device can include capacitor and battery structures, such as can include a sealed stack of hybrid bipolar plates comprising silicon wafers.