A safety mechanism of a rechargeable battery for light electric vehicles. The rechargeable battery may include a housing containing a battery management system and at least one battery cell, and a communication system communicatively coupled to the battery management system, to communicate information received from the battery management system to a device external to the rechargeable battery. The rechargeable battery may include a housing formed of a first clamshell member and a second clamshell member. The rechargeable battery may include a first protrusion portion extending from an interior surface of the first clamshell member and a second protrusion portion extending from the interior surface of the second clamshell member toward the first protrusion portion such that the first and second protrusion portions physically contact one another when a force is applied to an external surface of the housing.

A photo rechargeable electrochemical energy storage device, a power generation device, and a method for fabricating the photo rechargeable electrochemical energy storage device in a mostly unrestricted atmospheric environment are disclosed. The power generation device including a rechargeable electrochemical energy storage device including a photoanode arranged beneath a transparent electrode, the photoanode comprising an oxide of titanium; and a micro-power conversion controller configured to control delivery of power under load, and recharge the rechargeable electrochemical energy storage device when not under rated load and when the transparent electrode is exposed to sufficient light and/or grid power is available.

A power source that provides at least one of thermal and electrical power and method of use thereof such as direct electricity or thermal to electricity is provided that powers a power system comprising (i) at least one reaction cell comprising a fuel having atomic hydrogen, nascent H.sub.2O; and a material to cause the fuel to be highly conductive, (iii) at least one set of electrodes that confine the fuel and an electrical power source that provides a short burst of low-voltage, high-current electrical energy to initiate a reaction and an energy gain, (iv) a product recovery systems such as a condensor, (v) a reloading system, (vi) at least one of hydration, thermal, chemical, and electrochemical systems to regenerate the fuel from the reaction products, (vii) a heat sink that accepts the heat from the power-producing reactions, (viii) a power conversion system.

A power source that provides at least one of thermal and electrical power and method of use thereof such as direct electricity or thermal to electricity is provided that powers a power system comprising (i) at least one reaction cell comprising a fuel having atomic hydrogen, nascent H.sub.2O; and a material to cause the fuel to be highly conductive, (iii) at least one set of electrodes that confine the fuel and an electrical power source that provides a short burst of low-voltage, high-current electrical energy to initiate a reaction and an energy gain, (iv) a product recovery systems such as a condensor, (v) a reloading system, (vi) at least one of hydration, thermal, chemical, and electrochemical systems to regenerate the fuel from the reaction products, (vii) a heat sink that accepts the heat from the power-producing reactions, (viii) a power conversion system.

A system is described that is capable of operating as an energy conversion system that functions as a fuel cell and generates electrical current from a fuel or fuels, or as a reactor for conversion of starter materials into more complex molecules through ion-ion and ion-molecules and which may preferably be adapted to operate as a gas to liquid (GTL) process. The system ionises at least one fuel or starter material and manipulates, selects and transports ions for reaction by means of suitable electrostatic or electrodynamic ion guides, filters or drift tubes. The system of the present application replaces the electrolyte, catalyst and/or membrane found in classic fuel cells or GTL processes with an electrostatic or electrodynamic ion manipulation region such as an ion guide, analyser, drift tube or filter.

According to one embodiment, an electrode is provided. The electrode includes a current collector, an electrode mixture layer, and a self-assembled film. The first self-assembled film covers at least a part of a surface of the current collector. The first self-assembled film contains organic molecules. The electrode mixture layer disposed on at least a part of the first self-assembled film.

An electron carrier includes a modified cyanobacterium in which at least: (i) a function of a protein involved in binding between an outer membrane and a cell wall of cyanobacterium is suppressed or lost; or (ii) a channel protein which improves protein permeability of the outer membrane is expressed. The modified cyanobacterium performs at least one of supplying electrons to an outside or taking in electrons from the outside.

A thermoelectric generation device includes a first thermoelectric generation module having at least one heat utilization power generation element and a first housing that accommodates the heat utilization power generation element, a second thermoelectric generation module having at least one heat utilization power generation element and a second housing that accommodates the heat utilization power generation element, and an electroconductive member electrically connecting the first and second thermoelectric generation modules, wherein an outer surface of the first housing is in contact with an outer surface of the second housing. The heat utilization power generation element includes at least an electrolyte layer and a thermoelectric conversion layer.

The present disclosure provides a lithium battery with double-layer circuit board, providing a cylindrical battery core, a metal sleeve configured to be electrically connected to a negative electrode of the battery core and accommodating the battery core, an outer printed circuit board and an inner printed circuit board are sequentially arranged at one end of the battery core, a plurality of circuit elements having a charging and discharging chip which is located between the outer printed circuit board and the inner printed circuit board, a metal plate mounted on the inner printed circuit board, a metal connector mounted on the outer printed circuit board for elastically abutting against an inner surface of the metal sleeve for electrical connection, an insulating ring is sandwiched between the inner printed circuit board and the metal sleeve for conducting heat.

The present invention relates to an electrochemical device, comprising a negative electrode comprising a nitrogen-containing electron storage material, a positive electrode, and an electrolyte, wherein the nitrogen-containing electron storage material has a two-dimensional or a three-dimensional covalent structure, contains heptazine and/or triazine moieties, and is capable of intercalating and de-intercalating cations. The present invention is further directed to a uses the material, a photorechargeable battery, an autophotorechargeable battery, a redox-flow-battery, a method for harvesting light and storing electrical energy, a method for detecting and removing oxygen, and a method for detecting light.