An electrical energy production system includes at least a pair of thermally regenerating ammonia batteries. One of the batteries is in a charging mode; the other is in a discharging mode. A controller is operatively connected to the at least a pair of thermally regenerating ammonia batteries. At least one heat source is connected to the at least a pair of thermally regenerating batteries. A control valve is connected to the controller and to the at least a pair of thermally regenerating batteries. The control valve distributes heat from the heat source to a specified one of the at least a pair of thermally regenerating ammonia batteries. An electrical path connects each of the pair of thermally regenerating batteries to the controller and to a power rectification circuit. An external load is connected to the power rectification circuit such that a continuous power source is provided to the external load.

An electrical energy production system includes at least a pair of thermally regenerating ammonia batteries. One of the batteries is in a charging mode; the other is in a discharging mode. A controller is operatively connected to the at least a pair of thermally regenerating ammonia batteries. At least one heat source is connected to the at least a pair of thermally regenerating batteries. A control valve is connected to the controller and to the at least a pair of thermally regenerating batteries. The control valve distributes heat from the heat source to a specified one of the at least a pair of thermally regenerating ammonia batteries. An electrical path connects each of the pair of thermally regenerating batteries to the controller and to a power rectification circuit. An external load is connected to the power rectification circuit such that a continuous power source is provided to the external load.

A detection system for determining alpha-methylacyl-CoA (AMACR) levels in a bodily sample includes at least one reaction solution for generating H.sub.2O.sub.2 upon combination with AMACR in the bodily sample and a biosensor for determining a level of generated H.sub.2O.sub.2. The reaction solution includes a (2R)-2-methylacyl-CoA epimer that can be chirally inverted by AMACR to a (2S)-2-methylacyl-CoA epimer and an enzyme that carries out beta oxidation with the (2S)-2-methylacyl-CoA epimer to generate hydrogen peroxide (H.sub.2O.sub.2).

A detection system for determining alpha-methylacyl-CoA (AMACR) levels in a bodily sample includes at least one reaction solution for generating H.sub.2O.sub.2 upon combination with AMACR in the bodily sample and a biosensor for determining a level of generated H.sub.2O.sub.2. The reaction solution includes a (2R)-2-methylacyl-CoA epimer that can be chirally inverted by AMACR to a (2S)-2-methylacyl-CoA epimer and an enzyme that carries out beta oxidation with the (2S)-2-methylacyl-CoA epimer to generate hydrogen peroxide (H.sub.2O.sub.2).

An adverse event-resilient network system consisting of autonomously powered and mobile nodes in communication with each other either through radio, light or other electromagnetic signals or through a physical connection such as through wiring, cables or other physical connected methods capable of carrying information and communication signals. The nodes powered by an energy generator comprising multiple data, information and voice gathering, receiving and emitting devices as well as mechanical, optical and propulsion devices.

An adverse event-resilient network system consisting of autonomously powered and mobile nodes in communication with each other either through radio, light or other electromagnetic signals or through a physical connection such as through wiring, cables or other physical connected methods capable of carrying information and communication signals. The nodes powered by an energy generator comprising multiple data, information and voice gathering, receiving and emitting devices as well as mechanical, optical and propulsion devices.

A hybrid photoelectrochemical and microbial fuel cell device is provided that includes a single-chamber photoelectrochemical device having an n-type TiO.sub.2 photoanode and a Pt counter electrode in an aqueous electrolyte solution, and a dual-chamber microbial fuel cell having an anode chamber and a cathode chamber separated by a cation exchange membrane, where the anode chamber includes a carbon anode and microorganisms and the cathode chamber includes Pt-loaded carbon cathode, the carbon anode is electrically connected to the Pt counter electrode, the carbon cathode is electrically connected to the TiO.sub.2 photoanode, a light source creates photoexcited electron-hole pairs at the photoanode, the holes oxidize water into oxygen, where dissolved oxygen in the cathode chamber is reduced, the microorganisms oxidize and produce bioelectrons, where the bioelectrons are transferred to the Pt electrode and reduce protons to form hydrogen gas.

An electrode having a planar electrode body with a plurality of hexagonally shaped through-holes formed therein. The planar electrode body is configured for use in a polar, protic, or aprotic solvent of a Hydro-Pyroelectrodynamic (“H-PED”) energy storage device. The electrode may be constructed using a method that includes applying a layer of graphene to an outer surface of the planar electrode body, and annealing the outer surface of the planar electrode body after the layer of graphene has been applied thereto.

A rechargeable battery includes an electrode assembly including a separator, and a first electrode and a second electrode disposed at opposite sides of the separator, a pouch accommodating the electrode assembly and including a terrace portion, first and second lead tabs extending from the first electrode and the second electrode, respectively, through the terrace portion of the pouch, and a temperature protecting element on the terrace portion. The temperature protecting element has a first surface connected to the first lead tab and to a connection tab partially contacting the terrace portion, and a second surface attached to the terrace portion and extending beyond the terrace portion, such that an insulating tape surrounds the terrace portion and covers the first lead tab, the connection tab, and the second surface of the temperature protecting element.

A self-charging power pack (300) includes a cathode (312) and an anode (310) that is spaced apart from the cathode (312). An electrolyte (318) is disposed between the anode (310) and the cathode (312). A piezoelectric ion transport layer (322) is disposed between the anode (310) and the cathode (312). The piezoelectric ion transport layer (322) has a piezoelectric property that generates a piezoelectric field when a mechanical force is applied thereto. The piezoelectric field causes transportation of ions in the electrolyte (318) through the piezoelectric ion transport layer (322) towards the anode (310).