A vehicle includes a motor serving as a driving source configured to run the vehicle, and a high-power and high-capacity assembled batteries, each of the assembled batteries being formed to include secondary batteries configured to supply an electric power to the motor, the secondary batteries of the assembled batteries being housed in different cases. The high-power and high-capacity assembled batteries are arranged around a luggage space located in a rearward portion of the vehicle. The high-power assembled battery is chargeable and dischargeable with a current larger than a current in the high-capacity assembled battery. The high-capacity assembled battery has an energy capacity larger than an energy capacity of the high-power assembled battery. The high-capacity assembled battery is arranged above or below the high-power assembled battery in the vehicle, and at least a portion of the high-capacity assembled battery protrudes from the high-power assembled battery rearward in the vehicle.

An electrical storage system includes a main battery, an auxiliary battery, a bidirectional DC-DC converter and a controller. The bidirectional DC-DC converter is provided between the auxiliary battery and a power supply path from the main battery to a driving motor. The bidirectional DC-DC converter steps down an output voltage from the power supply path to the auxiliary battery, and steps up an output voltage from the auxiliary battery to the power supply path. The controller controls charging and discharging of the auxiliary battery. The controller, when an allowable output power of the main battery decreases and an electric power becomes insufficient for a required vehicle output, supplies an electric power to the power supply path by discharging the auxiliary battery by using the bidirectional DC-DC converter. The controller, when an allowable input power of the main battery decreases and a regenerated electric power generated by the driving motor is not entirely charged into the main battery, charges part of the regenerated electric power into the auxiliary battery by using the bidirectional DC-DC converter.

Embodiments may include a hydrogen-based power storage unit device that provides power for electric vehicles, and other uses, without requiring hydrogen refueling infrastructure. For example, in an embodiment, an apparatus may comprise a power source, a water supply, an electrolyzer connected to the power source adapted to separate water from the water supply into hydrogen and oxygen, a fuel cell adapted to generate electrical power using the separated hydrogen and oxygen, and a power conditioning unit adapted to output a configured electrical power output.

An energy supply apparatus may be modular and can be used underwater. In some examples, the modules comprise pressure vessels. The modules are chosen independently of each other from a group comprising a battery module, a fuel cell module, and air-independent Diesel module. The pressure vessels may be cylindrical and may have spherical segments disposed at ends segments of the pressure vessels. One or more of the spherical segments of the pressure vessels may be configured to be swiveled. Modules that are configured as battery modules may include battery elements, an inverter, a battery monitoring system, a separating unit, a control unit, a transformer, and/or a cooling unit.

A contactless battery system includes a sealable dustproof and waterproof case that houses a battery unit and at least one wireless power transmission coupler connected to the battery unit. The at least one wireless power transmission coupler is disposed with respect to at least one face of the sealable case to enable magnetic inductive signaling for charging, discharging, and communication with the battery. Without physical contacts, the battery is inherently safe since voltage and current are not available to the touch. The lack of physical contacts also means that contact wear is eliminated and the battery modules have the benefit of inherent galvanic isolation. Since the battery system is sealed, internal intrusion detection systems may be used to detect improper attempts at battery changes or attacks on the electronics containing the usage and charging records in an attempt to increase the battery unit's value on the secondary battery market.

A contactless battery system includes a sealable dustproof and waterproof case that houses a battery unit and at least one wireless power transmission coupler connected to the battery unit. The at least one wireless power transmission coupler is disposed with respect to at least one face of the sealable case to enable magnetic inductive signaling for charging, discharging, and communication with the battery. Without physical contacts, the battery is inherently safe since voltage and current are not available to the touch. The lack of physical contacts also means that contact wear is eliminated and the battery modules have the benefit of inherent galvanic isolation. Since the battery system is sealed, internal intrusion detection systems may be used to detect improper attempts at battery changes or attacks on the electronics containing the usage and charging records in an attempt to increase the battery unit's value on the secondary battery market.

Provided is a warm-up apparatus for a fuel cell for an electrically driven vehicle in which a fuel cell and a secondary battery are mounted as power sources of a motor for travelling, and which, when charging of the secondary battery is required, stops operation of the fuel cell and charges the secondary battery with electric power from an external power source by means of a battery charger. The warm-up apparatus includes: a secondary battery cooling circuit that cools the secondary battery; a fuel cell cooling circuit that cools the fuel cell; a connection passage that connects the secondary battery cooling circuit and the fuel cell cooling circuit through a switching valve; and a warm-up control unit that, during charging of the secondary battery, controls the switching valve so that the secondary battery cooling circuit and the fuel cell cooling circuit communicate through the connection passage.

An energy management system having a fuel cell apparatus (150) as a power generator that generates power using fuel, and an EMS (200) that communicates with the fuel cell apparatus (150). The EMS (200) receives messages that indicate a type of the fuel cell apparatus (150), from the fuel cell apparatus (150).

A light-driven fuel cell includes a cathode, an anode, and a proton-permeable membrane between the anode and the cathode. The anode includes a photocatalyst for anaerobic methane oxidation reaction, and when the anode is supplied with methane and water and is irradiated with light, methanol, protons and electrons are generated by anaerobic methane oxidation reaction from the methane and the water supplied to the anode; the protons pass through the proton-permeable membrane and move to the cathode; and the electrons move to the cathode via an external circuit. The cathode includes a photocatalyst for aerobic methane oxidation reaction, and when the cathode is supplied with methane and oxygen and is irradiated with light, methanol and water are generated by aerobic methane oxidation reaction from the methane and the oxygen supplied to the cathode and the protons and the electrons moved from the anode.

One embodiment is a redox flow battery system that includes an anolyte; a catholyte; an anolyte tank configured for holding at least a portion of the anolyte; a catholyte tank configured for holding at least a portion of the catholyte; a primary redox flow battery arrangement, and a second redox flow battery arrangement. The primary and secondary redox flow battery arrangements share the anolyte and catholyte tanks and each includes a first half-cell including a first electrode in contact with the anolyte, a second half-cell including a second electrode in contact with the catholyte, a separator separating the first half-cell from the second half-cell, an anolyte pump, and a catholyte pump. The peak power delivery capacity of the secondary redox flow battery arrangement is less than the peak power delivery capacity of the primary redox flow battery arrangement.