A secondary battery is provided with a power generation element, an electroconductive member, an external short circuit, a current detector and an external discharge safety circuit. The power generation element has a unit cell layer that includes a positive electrode, a separator and a negative electrode stacked in that order. The electroconductive member is disposed on one outward side of the power generation element with an insulation member interposed therebetween. A lead wire connects the electroconductive member with the negative electrode tab. The current detector detects whether or not current is flowing to the lead wire. The external discharge safety circuit is provided to short-circuits a path between the positive electrode tab and the negative electrode tab outside the power generation element while current detector detects a current.

A system having a global navigation satellite system (GNSS) receiver having a GNSS receiver battery receptacle for housing a battery therein, and a handheld receptacle which has an insertion portion which is shaped as an outer portion of the battery and which is adapted for insertion into the battery receptacle of the GNSS receiver instead of the battery, wherein the handheld receptacle has a handheld receptacle battery receptacle to receive the battery therein. The battery can be swapped from the GNSS receiver and the handheld receptacle. A socket can be provided on the handheld receptacle for mounting a computing device thereon in communication with the GNSS receiver. A pole-mount adapter can be used for connecting the GNSS receiver onto a pole below the GNSS battery receptacle and can be mounted and dismounted even when the handheld receptacle is inserted in the GNSS receiver.

A system having a global navigation satellite system (GNSS) receiver having a GNSS receiver battery receptacle for housing a battery therein, and a handheld receptacle which has an insertion portion which is shaped as an outer portion of the battery and which is adapted for insertion into the battery receptacle of the GNSS receiver instead of the battery, wherein the handheld receptacle has a handheld receptacle battery receptacle to receive the battery therein. The battery can be swapped from the GNSS receiver and the handheld receptacle. A socket can be provided on the handheld receptacle for mounting a computing device thereon in communication with the GNSS receiver. A pole-mount adapter can be used for connecting the GNSS receiver onto a pole below the GNSS battery receptacle and can be mounted and dismounted even when the handheld receptacle is inserted in the GNSS receiver.

A composite for forming an electrode contains an active material and macromolecular particles, and can be discharged by an inkjet method. The composite for forming an electrode is excellent in the storage stability and the discharge stability even when the content of the active material is increased.

A solid state battery cathode material includes a first polymer of the general formula

##STR00001##

where R is naught, C.sub.1-C.sub.4 alkyl, C.sub.1-C.sub.4 perfluoroalkyl, or C.sub.1-C.sub.4 alkanone; X is naught, O, S, or NR.sup.1; and R.sup.1, R.sup.2 are H, C.sub.1-C.sub.8 alkyl, C.sub.2-C.sub.4 cycloalkyl, C.sub.1-C.sub.8 perfluoroalkyl, aryl, phenyl, or 1,2-phenylene.

A battery module includes a battery module, which includes a battery unit and a casing for receiving the battery unit. The casing includes a first casing body, a second casing body assembled to the first casing body, and a first sealing ring disposed between the first casing body and the second casing body. The first casing body includes a first cover plate and first sidewalls connected to edges of the first cover plate. A slot is defined on outer surface of the first sidewalls. The second casing body includes a second cover plate and second sidewalls connected to edges of the second cover plate. A latch is disposed at inner surface of the second sidewalls, corresponding to the slot. The latch is configured to be received in the slot, locating and sealing the second cover plate on the first cover plate by compressing the first sealing ring.

A lead-acid battery is disclosed. The lead-acid storage battery has a container with a cover, the container including one or more compartments. One or more cell elements are provided in the one or more compartments. The one or more cell elements include a positive plate, the positive plate having a positive grid and a positive electrochemically active material on the positive grid; a negative plate, the negative plate having a negative grid and a negative electrochemically active material on the negative grid, wherein the negative electrochemically active material comprises barium sulfate and an organic expander; and a separator between the positive plate and the negative plate. Electrolyte is provided within the container. One or more terminal posts extend, from the cover and are electrically coupled to the one or more cell elements.

A heat exchanger for a battery unit having at least a first battery module and a second battery module is disclosed wherein the first and second battery modules each include a plurality of battery cell containers each housing at least one battery cell. The first and second battery modules are spaced apart from each other with the heat exchanger being arranged between the spaced apart first and second battery modules. The heat exchanger is a laminated plate structure defining a plurality of fluid flow chambers each located within a respective fluid flow region for transmitting a heat exchanger fluid. Each of the fluid flow regions is dimensionally compliant independent of the other fluid flow regions to conform to the spacing of the respective battery cell containers in the first and second modules between which the specific fluid flow region is positioned when arranged between the first and second battery modules.

The fuel cell vehicle includes a fuel cell placed in a front room, an air compressor placed below the fuel cell in the front room to supply the fuel cell with cathode gas, and a refrigerant supply pump placed below the fuel cell in the front room to supply the fuel cell with a refrigerant. The refrigerant supply pump is placed forward of the air compressor.

A composite material for fire protection comprises: a) an inorganic fibre core comprising inorganic fibres interlocked or entangled to form a coherent body resistant against separation laminated between b) at least two layers of phyllosilicate insulation the material further comprising a barrier integral to the material to hinder ingress of humidity to edges of the inorganic fibre core.