An energy storage apparatus includes an energy storage device including a case, a spacer including a spacer main body portion arranged on a first side in a first direction of the energy storage device, and a side member including a side main body portion arranged on a first side in a second direction intersecting the first direction of the energy storage device.

The present invention pertains to a process for manufacturing a fluoropolymer electrolyte membrane comprising a fluoropolymer hybrid organic/inorganic composite for an electrochemical cell, to a polymer electrolyte membrane obtainable by the process and films and membranes thereof and to an electrochemical cell comprising the polymer electrolyte membrane between a positive electrode and a negative electrode. The present invention also relates to the use of the polymer electrolyte membrane obtainable by the process according to the present invention in an electrochemical device, in particular in secondary batteries.

The invention relates to a battery system, comprising at least one battery component (10), which has at least one measurement point (12.sub.a-g), and comprising an optical waveguide (14), which is connected to the measurement point (12.sub.a-g) in a thermally conductive manner, wherein a light source (16.sub.a-d) is provided for radiating light of a defined frequency into the optical waveguide (14) and an optical detector (18) is provided for detecting light exiting the optical waveguide (14), characterized in that a thermochromatic material (30) is provided, which is connected to the measurement point (12.sub.a-g) in a thermally conductive manner and is positioned in a beam path of the optical waveguide (14). In summary, a reliable and robust possibility for the temperature monitoring of one or more battery components (10) is thus enabled in a simple and economical manner.

An illustrative battery retaining assembly comprises a retaining plate, and a casing including mounting devices. One of the mounting devices may include a hinge device, and another of the mounting devices may include a latch device. The retaining plate includes engagement portions engageable with the mounting devices, such that the retaining plate may be mounted to the casing. One of the engagement portions may include a channel engageable with the hinge device, and another of the engagement portions may include a catch engageable with the latch device. The mounting devices and engagement portions may be configured to enable the retaining plate to slide at an oblique angle with respect to the casing, to provide a variable separation distance between the casing and the retaining plate.

Disclosed herein is a battery cell assembly including a battery cell array including two or more battery cells, each of which has an electrode assembly of a cathode/separator/anode structure disposed in a battery case together with an electrolyte in a sealed state, arranged in the lateral direction, and a protection circuit module (PCM) connected to the upper end of the battery cell array to control the operation of the battery pack, wherein the outer sides of the battery cells or the outer side of the battery cell array is coated with a resin by insert injection molding excluding electrode terminals of the battery cells.

A redox flow battery is provided having a double-membrane (one cation exchange membrane and one anion exchange membrane), triple-electrolyte (one electrolyte in contact with the negative electrode, one electrolyte in contact with the positive electrode, and one electrolyte positioned between and in contact with the two membranes). The cation exchange membrane is used to separate the negative or positive electrolyte and the middle electrolyte, and the anion exchange membrane is used to separate the middle electrolyte and the positive or negative electrolyte. This design physically isolates, but ionically connects, the negative electrolyte and positive electrolyte. The physical isolation offers great freedom in choosing redox pairs in the negative electrolyte and positive electrolyte, making high voltage of redox flow batteries possible. The ionic conduction drastically reduces the overall ionic crossover between negative electrolyte and positive one, leading to high columbic efficiency.

Provided is a novel continuous single-step method of manufacturing a multilayer sorbent polymeric membrane having superior productivity, properties and performance. At least one layer of the polymeric membrane comprises sorbent materials and a plurality of interconnecting pores. The method includes: (a) coextruding layer-forming compositions to form a multilayer coextrudate; (b) casting the coextrudate into a film; (c) extracting the film with an extractant; and (d) removing the extractant from the extracted film to form the multilayer sorbent polymeric membrane. The sorbent membrane of this disclosure can find a wide range of applications for use in filtration, separation and purification of gases and fluids, CO.sub.2 and volatile capture, structural support, vehicle emission control, energy harvesting and storage, electrolyte batteries. device, protection, permeation, packaging, printing, and etc.

A battery pack assembly and a method of making the same. The method includes using lifters with a cammed conveyor delivery mechanism to facilitate edgewise stacking of generally planar battery cells. The lifter spacing and cam profile are designed in such a way as to orient individual battery cell tabs and cooling fin assemblies to keep them close together but without applying significant forces to the stackable components. Combining conveyor streams allows components to be processed in parallel and sequenced correctly onto a single conveyor. Use of lifter integrated conveyor belt with cams and guides for individual battery cell orientation and sequencing promotes high speed assembly without a need to change component directions. The use of high-speed component delivery high is compatible with allowing more component placement variation, while the edgewise orientation of the components being assembled permits the use of small manufacturing footprints.

A pulse mode apparatus comprises a mismatched battery electrically connected to a pulse mode device having a pulse duty cycle with a power-on time period and a power-off time period. The mismatched battery comprises a first battery cell having a first internal resistance and first charge capacity, and a second battery cell having a second internal resistance and second charge capacity, and the battery comprises at least one of the following: (1) the second internal resistance is less than the first internal resistance, and (2) the second charge capacity is less than the first charge capacity. The battery also has a pair of electrical connectors electrically coupling the first and second battery cells in parallel, a pair of terminals connected to the first or second battery cells, and a casing around the first and second battery cells with the terminals extending out of the casing.

Provided is a battery mounting assembly including a battery portion, and a battery mounting portion on which the battery portion slides to be mounted, wherein the battery portion includes: a first guide configured to guide a sliding movement of the battery portion; a first connection terminal arranged on a surface of the battery portion; a fixing pin arranged on the battery portion; and a fixing pin retreat button configured to retreat the fixing pin, wherein the battery mounting portion includes: a second guide configured to guide the sliding movement of the battery portion; a second connection terminal arranged on a surface of the battery mounting portion and connected to the first connection terminal; and a fixing hole formed in the surface of the battery mounting portion and into which the fixing pin is inserted.