According to an example aspect of the present invention, there is provided an antenna module comprising a Radio Frequency, RF, component electrical connection platform, a dipole antenna on top of, or buried in, the platform, wherein the dipole antenna is arranged to transmit and/or receive an RF signal and a distance between a ground at a bottom of the platform and arms of the dipole antenna is about a quarter of a wavelength of the RF signal and a pair of via holes comprising a first via hole and a second via hole extending through the platform, from the ground of the platform to the arms of the dipole antenna, wherein the first via hole is coupled to an RF feed and to a first arm of the dipole antenna and the second via hole is coupled to the ground at the bottom of the platform and to a second arm of the dipole antenna.

A radio frequency (RF) interconnect for an optical modulator may comprise a circuit board to route a set of RF signals from a corresponding set of RF feeds to a substrate interface on a surface of a substrate of the optical modulator. The circuit board may be positioned along the surface of the substrate of the optical modulator. The circuit board may include a set of traces. A trace, of the set of traces, may be connected to a corresponding RF feed, of the set of RF feeds, at a height different than a height of the surface of the substrate of the optical modulator. The trace may be connected to the substrate interface.

A radio frequency (RF) interconnect for an optical modulator may comprise a circuit board to route a set of RF signals from a corresponding set of RF feeds to a substrate interface on a surface of a substrate of the optical modulator. The circuit board may be positioned along the surface of the substrate of the optical modulator. The circuit board may include a set of traces. A trace, of the set of traces, may be connected to a corresponding RF feed, of the set of RF feeds, at a height different than a height of the surface of the substrate of the optical modulator. The trace may be connected to the substrate interface.

An obfuscated radio frequency circuit may be manufactured to include a metallization layer, and a dielectric layer under the metallization layer. The dielectric layer may be made up of a plurality of dielectric substrates having different dielectric constants to obfuscate functions of the circuit.

An obfuscated radio frequency circuit may be manufactured to include a metallization layer, and a dielectric layer under the metallization layer. The dielectric layer may be made up of a plurality of dielectric substrates having different dielectric constants to obfuscate functions of the circuit.

An apparatus includes a first waveguide configured to propagate electromagnetic energy along a propagation direction. The apparatus further includes a first waveguide flange configured to selectively operate in one of a plurality of modes. When operating in a first mode, the apparatus radiates at least a portion of the electromagnetic energy from the first waveguide via at least one radiating feature of the first waveguide flange. The at least one radiating feature is located on a surface of the first waveguide flange that is perpendicular to the propagation direction. Additionally, when operating in a second mode, the apparatus conducts at least a portion of the electromagnetic energy from the first waveguide to a subsequent element (e.g., a second waveguide). The at least one radiating feature is shorted to a portion of the subsequent element when operating in the second mode.

An apparatus includes a first waveguide configured to propagate electromagnetic energy along a propagation direction. The apparatus further includes a first waveguide flange configured to selectively operate in one of a plurality of modes. When operating in a first mode, the apparatus radiates at least a portion of the electromagnetic energy from the first waveguide via at least one radiating feature of the first waveguide flange. The at least one radiating feature is located on a surface of the first waveguide flange that is perpendicular to the propagation direction. Additionally, when operating in a second mode, the apparatus conducts at least a portion of the electromagnetic energy from the first waveguide to a subsequent element (e.g., a second waveguide). The at least one radiating feature is shorted to a portion of the subsequent element when operating in the second mode.

Systems and method are provided for implementing filters whose response automatically and continuously reconfigures between an all-pass response and a bandstop response as the power level of signals within their bandwidth changes. Embodiments of the present disclosure allow high power signals within a designable bandwidth to be strongly attenuated while minimally affecting signals in adjacent bandwidths and further allow low power signals in the designable bandwidth to pass with minimal attenuation.

An electronic device and a method for reducing power consumption of signal transmission in the electronic device are provided. The electronic device may include a source circuit, a destination circuit, at least one transmission wire and at least one resonance wire, wherein the at least one transmission wire is coupled between at least one output terminal of the source circuit and at least one input terminal of the destination circuit, and the at least one resonance wire is coupled to the at least one input terminal of the destination circuit and is routed along the at least one transmission wire. In specific, the source circuit is configured to output an oscillation signal having an oscillation frequency, the destination circuit is configured to receive the oscillation signal, wherein the at least one transmission wire is configured to transmit the oscillation signal from the source circuit to the destination circuit.

An electronic device and a method for reducing power consumption of signal transmission in the electronic device are provided. The electronic device may include a source circuit, a destination circuit, at least one transmission wire and at least one resonance wire, wherein the at least one transmission wire is coupled between at least one output terminal of the source circuit and at least one input terminal of the destination circuit, and the at least one resonance wire is coupled to the at least one input terminal of the destination circuit and is routed along the at least one transmission wire. In specific, the source circuit is configured to output an oscillation signal having an oscillation frequency, the destination circuit is configured to receive the oscillation signal, wherein the at least one transmission wire is configured to transmit the oscillation signal from the source circuit to the destination circuit.