A three-dimensional isotropic metamaterial including an aggregate of SRR-buried block pieces obtained by burying SRRs in a transparent resin cube, at random in a transparent resin member; a method of producing the same; and a terahertz region optical element.

A three-dimensional isotropic metamaterial including an aggregate of SRR-buried block pieces obtained by burying SRRs in a transparent resin cube, at random in a transparent resin member; a method of producing the same; and a terahertz region optical element.

A supply device includes a resonator and a supply target line, and the supply target line includes a first signal line, a first reference line, and a second reference line. The first reference line surrounds the first signal line. The second reference line is located away from the first reference line and surrounds the first signal line. The resonator is located between the first reference line and the second reference line and surrounds the first signal line. The resonator includes an open portion forming capacitive connection and includes a second signal line electrically or magnetically connected to the resonator.

A supply device includes a resonator and a supply target line, and the supply target line includes a first signal line, a first reference line, and a second reference line. The first reference line surrounds the first signal line. The second reference line is located away from the first reference line and surrounds the first signal line. The resonator is located between the first reference line and the second reference line and surrounds the first signal line. The resonator includes an open portion forming capacitive connection and includes a second signal line electrically or magnetically connected to the resonator.

A nonlinear parametric device includes a planar substrate and a millimeter-wave resonator formed from superconductive material deposited on the planar substrate. When the resonator is cooled below a critical temperature, it exhibits nonlinear kinetic inductance that may be used to implement millimeter-wave nonlinear frequency generation and parametric amplification. Millimeter waves may be coupled into, and out of, the nonlinear parametric device with hollow rectangular electromagnetic waveguides. Niobium nitride is an excellent superconductive material for kinetic inductance due to its high intrinsic sheet inductance, a critical temperature that is higher than many other superconductive materials, and relatively low loss at millimeter-wave frequencies.

A nonlinear parametric device includes a planar substrate and a millimeter-wave resonator formed from superconductive material deposited on the planar substrate. When the resonator is cooled below a critical temperature, it exhibits nonlinear kinetic inductance that may be used to implement millimeter-wave nonlinear frequency generation and parametric amplification. Millimeter waves may be coupled into, and out of, the nonlinear parametric device with hollow rectangular electromagnetic waveguides. Niobium nitride is an excellent superconductive material for kinetic inductance due to its high intrinsic sheet inductance, a critical temperature that is higher than many other superconductive materials, and relatively low loss at millimeter-wave frequencies.

A double loop antenna includes a source loop comprising: a spiral-shaped conductive source coil pattern disposed on a top surface of a board, and a source capacitor pattern comprising symmetrical conductive patterns disposed on the top surface and a bottom surface of the board; and a resonance loop comprising: a spiral-shaped conductive resonance coil pattern disposed on the bottom surface of the board, and a resonance capacitor pattern comprising symmetrical conductive patterns disposed on the top surface and the bottom surface of the board, wherein the source coil pattern and the resonance coil pattern are formed on different surfaces of the board.

A titanium (Ti) seed layer is formed from a Ti source directly on a surface of a substrate, where the surface is substantially free of oxide and nitride, and a reactive nitrogen species is introduced from a nitrogen plasma source and additional Ti is introduced from the Ti source, wherein the nitrogen plasma: (a) reacts with the Ti seed layer to form TiN and (b) reacts with the additional Ti to form additional TiN. The TiN and additional TiN collectively form a TiN superconducting layer that directly contacts the surface of the substrate.

A titanium (Ti) seed layer is formed from a Ti source directly on a surface of a substrate, where the surface is substantially free of oxide and nitride, and a reactive nitrogen species is introduced from a nitrogen plasma source and additional Ti is introduced from the Ti source, wherein the nitrogen plasma: (a) reacts with the Ti seed layer to form TiN and (b) reacts with the additional Ti to form additional TiN. The TiN and additional TiN collectively form a TiN superconducting layer that directly contacts the surface of the substrate.

Embodiments herein are directed to a resonator for an ion implanter. In some embodiments, a resonator may include a housing, and a first coil and a second coil partially disposed within the housing. Each of the first and second coils may include a first end including an opening for receiving an ion beam, and a central section extending helically about a central axis, wherein the central axis is parallel to a beamline of the ion beam, and wherein an inner side of the central section has a flattened surface.