Embodiments for adaptive multipath control within an electric vehicle battery pack are disclosed. In a particular embodiment, a method for adaptive multipath control includes modifying at least one of: one or more transmission properties and one or more reflection properties of a metasurface of a module measurement system of a battery management system. In this embodiment, the metasurface is proximate to an antenna of the module measurement system. The method also includes transmitting, via the antenna of the module measurement system, battery sensor data.

The present disclosure relates to a pre-5.sup.th-Generation (5G) or 5G communication system to be provided for supporting higher data rates Beyond 4.sup.th-Generation (4G) communication system such as long term evolution (LTE). According to various embodiments, an antenna apparatus may include: an array antenna including a sub-array, a power divider, and a reconfigurable phase shifter circuit, the reconfigurable phase shifter circuit may be configured to provide a first phase shift value based on a switch in a first state, and provide a second phase shift value different from the first phase shift value based on the switch in a second state.

Base station antennas are provided that include a reflector assembly and a radiating element. The reflector assembly includes a reflector. The radiating element extends forwardly from the reflector. The reflector includes a nonmetallic substrate, and a metal layer mounted on the substrate.

A wireless communication device includes at least one antenna configured to transmit or receive a signal, and a frequency selection surface arranged adjacent to the at least one antenna and configured to diffract the signal generated from the at least one antenna, wherein the frequency selection surface includes a transparent substrate on which a plurality of unit cells are defined, and a plurality of conductive patterns arranged in the plurality of unit cells, respectively.

A MIMO communication system is provided. The system may include a first antenna comprising a first cavity, a first plurality of RF ports for generating a feed wave within the first cavity, and a first plurality of sub-wavelength artificially structured material elements as arranged on a surface of the first cavity as RF radiators. The first antenna is configured to generate a plurality of radiation patterns respectively corresponding to the first plurality of ports. The system may also include a second antenna comprising a second cavity and a second plurality of sub-wavelength artificially structured material elements arranged on a surface of the second cavity.

An array antenna (A) in a medium (M) comprises a plurality of radiating elements (ER.sub.T) ensuring the transition between the antenna and the medium, the reflectivity of each element depending on a parameter, the reflectivity of a first element being close to that of the medium, the reflectivity of a last element being close to that of the antenna, the reflectivity parameter of the elements varying from one element to the next. A method comprises calculation of a path equal to the sum of the variations of the reflectivity from one element to the next element, optimization of the variation of the reflectivity parameter so that equivalent radar cross-section of the antenna is the lowest possible or the antenna best observes the radiation objectives, determination of the different elements as a function of said parameter, and simulation of the overall reflectivity and/or of the radiation of the antenna.

Novel directional antennas are disclosed which utilize plas-monic surfaces (PS) that include or present an array of closely-spaced parasitic antennas, which may be referred to herein as “parasitic arrays” or fractal plasmonic arrays (FPAs). These plasmonic surfaces represent improved parasitic directional antennas relative to prior techniques and apparatus. Substrates can be used which are transparent and/or translucent.

An array antenna capable of steering a beam in a first communication node of a wireless communication system may comprise: a plurality of single antennas each capable of variably adjusting a beam steering direction; a plurality of beamforming control units each of which is connected to each of the plurality of single antennas to control a beamforming operation of each of the plurality of single antennas; and an array antenna control unit connected to the plurality of beamforming control units to control a beamforming operation of the entire array antenna, wherein the plurality of single antennas are arranged in a cylindrical shape and are installed to face a direction opposite to a central direction of the cylinder shape, and the array antenna is configured to steer a beam to a predetermined area around the first communication node through at least one single antenna among the plurality of single antennas.

A transparent dielectric-core antenna surrounded by patterned metallic metasurfaces. The patterned metallic metasurface acts as a conductive medium for surface current to flow and efficiently radiate fields driven by a power source. Furthermore, the patterned metallic metasurface can strongly reduce the electrical presence of the dielectric-core to realize a radio-transparent antenna to nearby systems at any desired frequency band while still maintaining good radiation and matching properties. Such an antenna concept may be applied to a variety of geometries.

A cloaking and/or deception system comprises: a structure having a plurality of resonators characterized by a controllable resonance frequency, wherein the resonators are arranged to collectively ensure that variation of the resonance frequency over a predetermined range of resonance frequencies generates a phase shift between the an electromagnetic wave incident on the structure and an electromagnetic wave scattered off the structure; and a controller configured for controlling the resonance frequency to provide a time-varying resonance frequency characterized by a temporal function which comprises a linear time-dependence.