A microwave beam-forming antenna may include: a main reflector installed on one surface of an antenna body; an array feed horn installed on a center portion of the main reflector; a sub-reflector disposed to be spaced apart from the array feed horn on the main reflector; and a plurality of waveguide feeds respectively connected to a plurality of horn antennas arranged in the array feed horn.

An antenna system includes a first substrate, a plurality of chips and a waveguide antenna element based beam forming phased array that includes a plurality of radiating waveguide antenna cells for millimeter wave communication. Each radiating waveguide antenna cell includes a plurality of pins where a first pin is connected with a body of a corresponding radiating waveguide antenna cell and the body corresponds to ground for the pins. The first pin includes a first and a second current path, the first current path being longer than the second current path. A first end of the radiating waveguide antenna cells is mounted on the first substrate, where the plurality of chips are electrically connected with the plurality of pins and the ground of each of the plurality of radiating waveguide antenna cells.

An apparatus is provided that includes a ground plane having a perimeter, at least one support positioned within the perimeter of the ground plane and extending outwardly from the ground plane and at least one multi-port antenna supported by the support at a distance from the ground plane. The multi-port antenna has a different radiation pattern associated with each port. The multi-port antenna operates with a first radiation pattern when a first port is used and operates with a second radiation pattern, different to the first radiation pattern, when a second port, different to the first port, is used. The at least one support defines a slot positioned between the multi-port antenna and the ground plane and/or the ground plane defines a slot.

The present disclosure provides a method for generate array element excitation of a conformal array based on an iterative algorithm, the method comprises obtaining a first index of a pattern of an array antenna by a processor; obtaining multiple optimization objectives according to design indexes of the array antenna by the processor; based on the first index, iteratively determining, by the processor, a first array element excitation satisfying a dynamic range ratio (DRR) of an array element excitation amplitude under the first index through a preset conversion relationship and a preset approach; based on the first array element excitation, obtaining, by the processor, a second array element excitation satisfying the multiple optimization objectives under a constraint of the DRR of the array element excitation amplitude through a solution algorithm; based on the second array element excitation, the design indexes, and basic parameters, generating, by the processor, the array antenna, the basic parameters including the number of array elements, a working center frequency, and an array element spacing of the array antenna.

The present disclosure provides a method for generate array element excitation of a conformal array based on an iterative algorithm, the method comprises obtaining a first index of a pattern of an array antenna by a processor; obtaining multiple optimization objectives according to design indexes of the array antenna by the processor; based on the first index, iteratively determining, by the processor, a first array element excitation satisfying a dynamic range ratio (DRR) of an array element excitation amplitude under the first index through a preset conversion relationship and a preset approach; based on the first array element excitation, obtaining, by the processor, a second array element excitation satisfying the multiple optimization objectives under a constraint of the DRR of the array element excitation amplitude through a solution algorithm; based on the second array element excitation, the design indexes, and basic parameters, generating, by the processor, the array antenna, the basic parameters including the number of array elements, a working center frequency, and an array element spacing of the array antenna.

The present disclosure relates to a pre-5.sup.th-Generation (5G) or 5G communication system to be provided for supporting higher data rates Beyond 4.sup.th-Generation (4G) communication system such as Long Term Evolution (LTE). According to embodiments in the present disclosure, an antenna device for dual polarization of a wireless communication system, comprises a print circuit board (PCB); a first feeding line configured to provide a first polarization signal; a second feeding configured to provide a second polarization signal; and a patch antenna comprising a radiating region and cutting regions. Objects corresponding to the cutting regions are disposed to support the radiating region on the PCB.

The present disclosure relates to a pre-5.sup.th-Generation (5G) or 5G communication system to be provided for supporting higher data rates Beyond 4.sup.th-Generation (4G) communication system such as Long Term Evolution (LTE). According to embodiments in the present disclosure, an antenna device for dual polarization of a wireless communication system, comprises a print circuit board (PCB); a first feeding line configured to provide a first polarization signal; a second feeding configured to provide a second polarization signal; and a patch antenna comprising a radiating region and cutting regions. Objects corresponding to the cutting regions are disposed to support the radiating region on the PCB.

An apparatus is disclosed herein for a cylindrically fed antenna and method for using the same. In one embodiment, the antenna comprises: an antenna feed to input a cylindrical feed wave; a first layer coupled to the antenna feed and into which the feed wave propagates outwardly and concentrically from the feed; a second layer coupled to the first layer to cause the feed wave to be reflected at edges of the antenna and propagate inwardly through the second layer from the edges of the antenna; and a radio-frequency (RF) array coupled to the second layer, wherein the feed wave interacts with the RF array to generate a beam.

Methods and systems are described for providing end-to-end beamforming. For example, end-to-end beamforming systems include end-to-end relays and ground networks to provide communications to user terminals located in user beam coverage areas. The ground segment can include geographically distributed access nodes and a central processing system. Return uplink signals, transmitted from the user terminals, have multipath induced by a plurality of receive/transmit signal paths in the end to end relay and are relayed to the ground network. The ground network, using beamformers, recovers user data streams transmitted by the user terminals from return downlink signals. The ground network, using beamformers generates forward uplink signals from appropriately weighted combinations of user data streams that, after relay by the end-end-end relay, produce forward downlink signals that combine to form user beams.

In some embodiments, a phased array antenna includes a carrier; a first plurality of antenna elements carried by the carrier and configured to transmit and/or receive signals at a first value of a parameter, and a second plurality of antenna elements carried by the carrier and configured to transmit and/or receive signals at a second value of the parameter different from the first value of the parameter. The antenna elements of the first plurality of antenna elements and the second plurality of antenna elements are located within a common aperture of the phased array antenna.