A small cell cellular base station includes an eight port radio and an eight-port base station antenna that has four linear arrays of dual-polarized radiating elements. Each of the linear arrays has a different azimuth boresight pointing direction and each dual-polarized radiating element includes first and second radiators that have respective directional radiation patterns. The radio is configured to determine and apply a first set of amplitude and phase weights to RF signals that are received through the eight ports of the antenna, and to apply a second set of amplitude and phase weights to RF signals that are output by the radio to the eight ports of the antenna.

A cross-shaped antenna array comprises a first linear array of first radiation elements, a second linear array of second radiation elements, wherein said second linear array is arranged substantially perpendicular to said first linear array, a common radiation element arranged at the intersection of said first linear array and said second linear array, and a feed port at each end of said first and second linear arrays for reception of a feed signal.

Antenna systems have an RF connector, a PCB dipole antenna, and a radome. The RF connector provides a direct connection to the PCB and limits PIM. An omni-directional WiFi antenna has a pair of horizontal dipole antennas on a PCB having different wavelengths and same frequency. An omni-directional UMTS dual antenna has a vertical arrangement of two independent antennas on a PCB and has a jumper printed circuit board connecting the RF connector to the upper antenna. Corresponding connectors, radomes, and ways of combining antenna elements on a single PCB are also disclosed. A single frequency omnidirectional antenna includes both half and full wavelength dipole elements. A plus-shaped radome enhances the omnidirectional radiation pattern of the enclosed antenna. A jumper printed circuit board allows independent antennas on a single circuit board without the degradation of internal coaxial connections. The connector provides a direct interface with a circuit board to reduce the number of parts and also reduce passive intermodulation.

An array antenna includes a dielectric substrate, and a plurality of radiating elements being arranged linearly and provided on a first face of the dielectric substrate, each of the plurality of radiating elements having linear polarization and a rotation reference point, wherein one or more radiating elements included in the plurality of radiating elements are rotated differently with respect to the corresponding rotation reference positions each other.

An array antenna includes a dielectric substrate, and a plurality of radiating elements being arranged linearly and provided on a first face of the dielectric substrate, each of the plurality of radiating elements having linear polarization and a rotation reference point, wherein one or more radiating elements included in the plurality of radiating elements are rotated differently with respect to the corresponding rotation reference positions each other.

An interchange mechanism for deploying at least one reflector for reconfiguration of a spacecraft antenna. The interchange mechanism includes a rotary actuator having a fixed section mounted on an antenna structure and a mobile section rotating relative to the fixed section about a rotation axis. At least one carrier supports a reflector and is freely rotatably mounted on the fixed section for rotation about the rotation axis between first and second angular positions. An arm mounted on the mobile section carries a carrier engaging mechanism that successively and releasably engages the at least one carrier and displaces the at least one carrier from the first to the second angular position when the arm and the mobile section rotate in a first direction.

A user terminal for transmitting data to a plurality of access points comprises a pre-processor to pre-process at least one source data stream and a multi-beam antenna. The pre-processor comprises a segmenting device to segment the at least one source data stream into a set of N data sub streams, N being an integer greater than 1; a K-muxing unit to perform a N-to-N K-muxing transform on the N data substreams to generate N K-muxed data streams, each of the N K-muxed data streams being a linear combination of the N data substreams; and a bank of modulators to modulate the N K-muxed data streams to generate N K-muxed signal streams. The multi-beam antenna comprises beam forming networks to transform the N K-muxed signal streams into transmit beams, and an array of antenna elements to transmit the transmit beams to the access points.

A substrate type antenna for conducting signal transmitting/receiving with using two (2) antennas, each having almost same resonance frequency, wherein each of those two (2) antennas applies therein a spiral antenna having an antenna side coupling pattern, which is positioned to face to a power supply point side coupling patter, and a spiral antenna having a spiral antenna pattern, which is coupled to the antenna side coupling pattern, and wherein those two (2) antennas are positioned in such a manner that extending directions of the facing end portions, being closest to each other in the spiral antenna patterns of those two (2) antennas, are not aligned to each other, but are shifted in different directions.

A substrate type antenna for conducting signal transmitting/receiving with using two (2) antennas, each having almost same resonance frequency, wherein each of those two (2) antennas applies therein a spiral antenna having an antenna side coupling pattern, which is positioned to face to a power supply point side coupling patter, and a spiral antenna having a spiral antenna pattern, which is coupled to the antenna side coupling pattern, and wherein those two (2) antennas are positioned in such a manner that extending directions of the facing end portions, being closest to each other in the spiral antenna patterns of those two (2) antennas, are not aligned to each other, but are shifted in different directions.

A method for ground to air communication includes receiving a first pilot signal on a first wide beam from a first ground base station by a first antenna element covering a first range of azimuth angles from an aircraft. Data is received on a directed data beam from the first ground base station by the first antenna element. A second pilot signal is received on a second wide beam from a second ground base station by a second antenna element covering a second range of azimuth angles different than the first range of azimuth angles. A signal strength of the second pilot signal is compared with a signal strength of the first pilot signal. Data reception is switched from the first antenna element to the second antenna element if the signal strength of the second pilot signal is greater than the signal strength of the first pilot signal.