An electrical system having a current path formed in a region between first and second electrodes. When a low pressure is sustained in the region, and a plasma is generated in a portion of a gap between the electrodes, current flows across the gap from the first electrode to the second electrode. In one embodiment the system is operable as a motor or a generator, having a first electrode and a member including a second electrode which is rotatable with respect to the first electrode. In another embodiment a first conductor is positioned to carry current toward or away from a first terminal at a high temperature, and a second conductor is spaced apart from the first terminal to carry current toward or away from a second terminal when the second conductor is at a low temperature relative to the temperature of the first region.

An electrical system having a current path formed in a region between first and second electrodes. When a low pressure is sustained in the region, and a plasma is generated in a portion of a gap between the electrodes, current flows across the gap from the first electrode to the second electrode. In one embodiment the system is operable as a motor or a generator, having a first electrode and a member including a second electrode which is rotatable with respect to the first electrode. In another embodiment a first conductor is positioned to carry current toward or away from a first terminal at a high temperature, and a second conductor is spaced apart from the first terminal to carry current toward or away from a second terminal when the second conductor is at a low temperature relative to the temperature of the first region.

A circuit board is held by a holding member. A connector portion is located on an opposite side of the circuit board from the holding member. A connector terminal is projected from a portion of the peripheral wall portion, bent at a bent portion toward the circuit board, and connected with the circuit board. The connector terminal includes a projected portion, which is located closer to the peripheral wall portion than the bent portion, and an inserted portion, which is inserted in a through hole of the circuit board. The projected portion is shifted from the inserted portion when viewed from a side of the connector portion.

A cable connector includes an insulative housing, a number of contacts, an internal circuit board and a flat cable. The contacts are arranged in two rows. Each contact has a retaining portion retained in the insulative housing, a contact portion and a connecting portion extending from two ends of the retaining portion. The internal circuit board has a plurality of first golden fingers at one end thereof and a plurality of second golden fingers at another end thereof. The first golden fingers connect with the connecting portions of the contacts. The second golden fingers electrically connect with the first golden fingers. The flat cable has a plurality of wires corresponding to and connecting with the second golden fingers and a coating retaining at outside of the wires. All wires are arranged in a row.

A battery pack including a housing, a terminal block, a printed circuit board electrically connected to the terminal block, at least one battery cell, and a spark gap device on the printed circuit board to provide electrostatic discharge protection and disposed between the printed circuit board and the terminal block.

Colors for electric wires are reduced. A plurality of electric wires to be connected to a single connector have a single color, rubber plugs are attached to boundary portions that are each located extending from a terminal for connection to a connector connected to an end of the electric wire to the insulating coating of the electric wire, and the rubber plugs have different colors for identification.

A battery cell connector includes a plurality of segments. Each segment defines a respective plane and has a respective longitudinal axis. The battery cell connector further includes a plurality of bends coupling the plurality of segments together into a 3-D object, each bend located between a unique pair of adjacent segments of the plurality of segments, where the unique pair of adjacent segments define two distinct respective planes. A first segment of the plurality of segments includes one or more first connecting elements for a battery pole of a first battery cell and a second segment of the plurality of segments includes one or more second connecting elements for a battery pole of a second battery cell. The one or more first connecting elements are electrically coupled with the one or more second connecting elements.

A battery cell connector includes a plurality of segments. The plurality of segments includes: a first terminal segment with first connecting elements for a battery pole of a first battery cell; a second terminal segment with second connecting elements for a battery pole of a second battery cell; and one or more additional segments connecting the first terminal segment to the second terminal segment. Each additional segment defines a plane and has a longitudinal axis. The battery cell connector further includes a plurality of bends coupling the plurality of segments together into a 3-D object. Each bend is located between a unique pair of adjacent segments of the plurality of segments. The pair of adjacent segments defines two distinct respective planes. The first terminal segment is not parallel to the second terminal segment. The first connecting elements are electrically coupled with the second connecting elements.

A battery cell connector includes a plurality of segments of a metal conducting sheet. Each segment defines a plane and having a longitudinal axis. The battery cell connector further includes plurality of bends coupling the segments together into a 3-D object. Each bend is located between a pair of adjacent segments of the plurality of segments and the pair of adjacent segments defines two distinct respective planes. The battery cell connector further includes at least one spring comprising two segments welded together. A first segment of the plurality of segments includes first connecting elements for a battery pole of a first battery cell. A second segment of the plurality of segments includes second connecting elements for a battery pole of a second battery cell. The first connecting elements are electrically coupled with the second connecting elements.