A laser module includes a laser source and an optical marshalling module. The laser source is configured to generate and output a plurality of laser beams. The plurality of laser beams have different wavelengths relative to each other. The different wavelengths are distinguishable to an optical data communication system. The optical marshalling module is configured to receive the plurality of laser beams from the laser source and distribute a portion of each of the plurality of laser beams to each of a plurality of optical output ports of the optical marshalling module, such that all of the different wavelengths of the plurality of laser beams are provided to each of the plurality of optical output ports of the optical marshalling module. An optical amplifying module can be included to amplify laser light output from the optical marshalling module and provide the amplified laser light as output from the laser module.

A passive mode-locked polarized laser including an oscillator, the oscillator including: a cavity; a pump source coupled to the cavity; an optical output coupler, and an optical output isolator. Also, a method for generating polarized pulsed light having a wavelength of about 2 m using the passive mode-locked polarized laser.

An apparatus is provided to receive a three dimensional (3D) map of at least a part of a body of a user. A light emitting device is included with tunable VCSEL laser with one or more active regions having quantum wells and barriers. The active regions are surrounded by one or more p-n junctions. The one or more active regions can include a selected shape structure one or more tunnel junction (TJ) 20s provided. One or more apertures are provided with the selected shape structure. One or more buried tunnel junctions (BTJ) or oxide confine the apertures, additional TJ's, planar structures and or additional BTJ's created during a regrowth process that is independent of a first growth process. A VCSEL output is determined in response to an application of the VCSEL laser. The VCSEL laser includes an HCG grating and a bottom DBR. A user monitoring device 100 includes the VCSEL laser. A user monitoring device that includes the VCSEL laser 10. The light emitting device is included in a camera of a communication device.

Proposed are an apparatus and a method for emitting multi-wavelength lasers. The apparatus for emitting multi-wavelength lasers includes a main body configured to perform overall control and operation, a handpiece which is operated by the control of the main body and is connected to the main body by wire, and a tip capable of being coupled to one side of the handpiece, wherein the main body includes a first power supply part, a display part, a control part, a laser generation part, a temperature control part, and a cooling part, wherein the laser generation part includes a first laser generator and a second laser generator which output lasers of different wavelengths, respectively, and the temperature control part includes a first temperature control part which controls a temperature of the first laser generator, and a second temperature control part which controls a temperature of the second laser generator.

A semiconductor laser may include an off-cut substrate having a cut angle of at least approximately 6 degrees (). The semiconductor laser may include an epitaxial structure over the off-cut substrate. A first sidewall formed by the off-cut substrate and the epitaxial structure may be parallel to a second sidewall formed by the off-cut substrate and the epitaxial structure. A front facet formed by the off-cut substrate and the epitaxial structure may be parallel to a back facet formed by the off-cut substrate and the epitaxial structure. The cut angle of the off-cut substrate may cause the first sidewall to be non-perpendicular to epitaxial layers of the epitaxial structure. The cut angle of the off-cut substrate may cause the second sidewall to be non-perpendicular to the epitaxial layers of the epitaxial structure.

A semiconductor optical element includes a first indirect bandgap semiconductor part that includes a first-conductivity-type impurity; a second indirect bandgap semiconductor part that includes a first-conductivity-type impurity; a third indirect bandgap semiconductor part that includes a second-conductivity-type impurity; a fourth indirect bandgap semiconductor part that includes a second-conductivity-type impurity; and a fifth indirect bandgap semiconductor part that includes a second-conductivity-type impurity. The first indirect bandgap semiconductor part has one or more first recesses. The one or more first recesses contain a medium having a refractive index lower than a refractive index of the second indirect bandgap semiconductor part. The fifth indirect bandgap semiconductor part has one or more second recesses. The one or more second recesses contain a medium having a refractive index lower than a refractive index of the fourth indirect bandgap semiconductor part.

Various embodiments include large cores fibers that can propagate few modes or a single mode while introducing loss to higher order modes. Some of these fibers are holey fibers that comprise cladding features such as air-holes. Additional embodiments described herein include holey rods. The rods and fibers may be used in many optical systems including optical amplification systems, lasers, short pulse generators, Q-switched lasers, etc. and may be used for example for micromachining.

A method for fabricating a laser diode device includes providing a gallium and nitrogen containing substrate member comprising a surface region, a release material overlying the surface region, an n-type gallium and nitrogen containing material; an active region overlying the n-type gallium and nitrogen containing material, a p-type gallium and nitrogen containing material; and a first transparent conductive oxide material overlying the p-type gallium and nitrogen containing material, and an interface region overlying the first transparent conductive oxide material. The method includes bonding the interface region to a handle substrate and subjecting the release material to an energy source to initiate release of the gallium and nitrogen containing substrate member.

An optical amplifier includes a photodiode configured to measure power of an output light; a converter configured to convert the power of the output light into a voltage signal; and a processor configured to determine whether a difference between a level of the voltage signal and a predetermined potential is equal to or higher than a first predetermined value, change power of excitation light so that the level of the voltage signal approaches the predetermined value, when it is determined that the difference is equal to or higher than the first predetermined value, determine whether the power of the excitation light is equal to or higher than a second predetermined value, after the power of the excitation light is changed, and reduce the power of the excitation light, when it is determined that the power of the excitation light is equal to or higher than the second predetermined value.

This disclosure describes a glucose monitor with one or more photonic crystal surface-emitting lasers (PCSELs). The PCSEL comprises a plurality of photonics crystal sections. Each photonics crystal section is operable to emit light of a different wavelength. The horizontal emission by each photonics crystal section may be constrained by edge lattice sections.