An apparatus includes at least one fuse clearing switch operable to create a fault on at least one AC line between a fuse and a transformer of a substation. The apparatus further includes a control system configured to be coupled to an arc detector and to operate the at least one fuse clearing switch responsive to a control signal produced by the arc detector.

A power supply system includes: a first power circuit having a first battery, a second power circuit having a second battery, a voltage converter which converter voltage between the first power circuit and second power circuit, a current sensor which acquires a passing current value Iact of the voltage converter, a passing power control unit which operates the voltage converter, and a failure determination unit which determines failure of the voltage converter. The failure determination unit determines that the voltage converter has failed in a case of the passing current value Iact becoming negative in a state in which the passing power control unit is not operating the high-arm element of the voltage converter to ON, and makes a time from when the passing current value Iact first became negative until determining that the voltage converter failed shorter as the passing current value Iact increases to the negative side.

A leakage current detection and protection device includes a leakage current detection module for generating a detection feedback signal when detecting a leakage current on the power supply lines, wherein the power supply lines supply a working power to the leakage current detection module during half of the AC power cycles; a self-test module for testing whether the leakage current detection module is faulty based on the detection feedback signal, which includes: a simulated leakage current generating circuit for generating a simulated leakage current signal; a fault signal generating module for generating a self-test fault signal when the leakage current detection module has a fault; and a self-test compensation module for supplying an auxiliary working power to the leakage current detection module so the leakage current detection module is in a working state whenever the simulated leakage current is generated. This prevents misjudgment by the leakage current detection module.

A method for protecting a server from damage by a liquid leak from a liquid-cooling unit of the server is provided. The server further includes a liquid leak sensor unit, a programmable logic circuit, and a power supply unit that supplies main power and standby power for the server. When a liquid leak is detected, the liquid leak sensor unit generates a main-power-off signal to the programmable logic circuit that causes the power supply unit to stop outputting the main power accordingly. The liquid leak sensor unit sends a total-power-off signal to the power supply unit to stop supply of the standby power after the power supply unit has stopped outputting the main power.

A protection circuit applied in a hub chip including a power pin, a first data pin, and a second data pin is provided. A voltage generation circuit generates and adjusts output voltage according to the voltage of the power pin and the voltage of the first data pin. A PMOS transistor includes a first gate, a first electrode, a second electrode, and a first bulk. The first electrode is coupled to the power pin. The second electrode is coupled to the first data pin. The first bulk receives the output voltage. A detection circuit is coupled to the first gate and detects the voltage of the power pin. In response to the voltage of the power pin being equal to the first voltage, the detection circuit transmits the voltage of the first data pin to the first gate.

A fault protection apparatus includes a first diode, a first switch component, a control unit, a first port, a second port, a third port, a fourth port, and a fifth port. The first port is connected to a positive common direct current bus of the common direct current bus. The second port is connected to a negative common direct current bus of the common direct current bus. The third port is connected to a positive local bus of a branch on which the fault protection apparatus is located. The fourth port is connected to a negative local bus of the branch on which the fault protection apparatus is located. The first diode and the first switch component are connected to the power system through the first port, the second port, the third port, and the fourth port.

A fault handling system of a solid-state transformer, including a first power unit and a second power unit that are cascaded and connected is provided. The first power unit includes a first auxiliary supply, a first control module, and a first communication module. The first auxiliary supply and the first control module are both electrically connected to two ends of a first busbar capacitor. The first control module is configured to detect a voltage of the first busbar capacitor. The second power unit includes a second auxiliary supply and a second control module. The second auxiliary supply and the second control module are both electrically connected to two ends of a second busbar capacitor. The first communication module outputs fault information to the second control module when the first control module detects that the voltage of the first busbar capacitor is greater than a threshold.

According to one embodiment, electronic circuitry includes: a detection circuit including a diode, a cathode side of the diode being connected to one end of a semiconductor switching element and an anode side of the diode being connected to a first node; a comparator circuit configured to compare a voltage of the first node and a threshold voltage and generate a first signal; a first filter connected between the first node and another end of the semiconductor switching element and configured to suppress the voltage of the first node in a first period based on a control signal indicating turn-on of the semiconductor switching element; and a control circuit configured to determine at least one of the threshold voltage and the first period based on the first signal.

A vehicle electrical system, particularly for a motor vehicle. The vehicle electrical system has at least two electrical system branches, a disconnecting switch device between the two electrical system branches, wherein the disconnecting switch device has a first controllable switch unit and a series circuit having a second controllable switch unit and an overcurrent protection unit, wherein the first switch unit and the series circuit are electrically connected to each other in parallel between the two electrical system branches, and a control unit which in an idle mode of the vehicle electrical system, is equipped to switch the first switch unit into an open, current-disconnecting switching state and to keep it in the current-disconnecting switching state and to switch the second switch unit into a closed, current-carrying switching state and to keep it in this current-carrying switching state. A motor vehicle with the above-mentioned vehicle electrical system is also disclosed.

An electronic protection switch includes first and second network terminals and two semiconductor switches of same kind. Each semiconductor switch is formed by an IGBT semiconductor switch and includes a switching element and a diode which is arranged antiparallel to the switching element. A first of the two semiconductor switches is arranged without a semiconductor series connection between a positive potential terminal of the first network terminal and a positive potential terminal of the second network terminal. A second of the two semiconductor switches is arranged without a semiconductor series connection between a negative potential terminal of the first network terminal and a negative potential terminal of the second network terminal. The switching element of each semiconductor switch is arranged so as to be able to conduct and switch off a current from the first network terminal to the second network terminal.