This application discloses a photovoltaic direct-current breaking apparatus, including a positive connection terminal and a negative connection terminal for connecting a photovoltaic string and a photovoltaic energy converter, a first diode, a first switch, a convector circuit, and an energy absorption circuit, where the first switch, the convector circuit, and the energy absorption circuit are connected in parallel. The convector circuit can effectively avoid arc discharge and ablation generated when the first switch cuts off a direct-current circuit between the photovoltaic string and the photovoltaic energy converter. The first diode can effectively bypass energy stored by an energy storage device in the photovoltaic energy converter, helping reduce required specifications of a semiconductor device in the convector circuit. The energy absorption circuit can also effectively reduce required specifications of the semiconductor device and a varistor.

The disclosure provides a technique to prevent and/or reduce a terminal of an audio jack from being corroded due to residual moisture introduced into the audio jack. According to various embodiments of the disclosure, an electronic device may include an audio jack including a plurality of terminals including a first detection terminal and a second detection terminal; at least one processor functionally connected to the audio jack; and a memory. The memory may store instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, control the electronic device to: detect an occurrence of an insertion interrupt of an object in the audio jack through the first detection terminal, determine whether the object is a jack plug based on an impedance value measured through the second detection terminal, and stop applying a voltage to the first detection terminal when the object is determined not to be the jack plug.

The disclosure provides a technique to prevent and/or reduce a terminal of an audio jack from being corroded due to residual moisture introduced into the audio jack. According to various embodiments of the disclosure, an electronic device may include an audio jack including a plurality of terminals including a first detection terminal and a second detection terminal; at least one processor functionally connected to the audio jack; and a memory. The memory may store instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, control the electronic device to: detect an occurrence of an insertion interrupt of an object in the audio jack through the first detection terminal, determine whether the object is a jack plug based on an impedance value measured through the second detection terminal, and stop applying a voltage to the first detection terminal when the object is determined not to be the jack plug.

Methods, systems, and apparatus to facilitate a fault triggered diode emulation mode of a transistor. An example apparatus includes a driver to output a control signal to a gate terminal of a transistor of a power converter; and a diode emulation control circuit to, in response to determining a fault corresponding to the transistor, enable the transistor when current flows in a direction from a source terminal of the transistor to a drain terminal of the transistor.

A system and method for detecting and isolating a high-altitude electromagnetic pulse (“HEMP”) along electrical lines electrically connected to a monitored infrastructure so as to protect the monitored infrastructure, the method including a phase unit receiving sensor signals from a plurality of sensors electrically connected to each of the electrical lines, respectively, upstream of and associated with the monitored infrastructure. The method includes determining if the received sensors signals associated with the respective electrical line is indicative of an E1 component of an EMP and, if so, actuating an isolation subsystem in less than 300 nanoseconds to electrically isolate the respective electrical line against propagation against the monitored infrastructure. Determining in real time if received sensor signals is indicative of the E1 component includes a hardware implemented neural network (NN) having algorithms for machine learning (ML) and artificial intelligence (AI) operable to provide instantaneous detection and classification.

A system and method for detecting and isolating a high-altitude electromagnetic pulse (“HEMP”) along electrical lines electrically connected to a monitored infrastructure so as to protect the monitored infrastructure, the method including a phase unit receiving sensor signals from a plurality of sensors electrically connected to each of the electrical lines, respectively, upstream of and associated with the monitored infrastructure. The method includes determining if the received sensors signals associated with the respective electrical line is indicative of an E1 component of an EMP and, if so, actuating an isolation subsystem in less than 300 nanoseconds to electrically isolate the respective electrical line against propagation against the monitored infrastructure. Determining in real time if received sensor signals is indicative of the E1 component includes a hardware implemented neural network (NN) having algorithms for machine learning (ML) and artificial intelligence (AI) operable to provide instantaneous detection and classification.

A power distribution system adapted for high current fault management during a fault event utilizes reclosing switches configured for a quick-slow-quick reclosing sequence in which the reclosing switch initially responds to the fault condition by tripping open, and then after a delay recloses for a first duration of time (slow) prior to tripping open. After another delay, the reclosing switch recloses for a second duration of time (quick) that is less than the first duration of time prior to tripping open for an indefinite interval. When installed in new segments or retrofitted in place of a fuse, reclosing switches configured with quick-slow-quick reclose timing allows for reduction of downstream customer outages, reduced I.sup.2T exposure for elements upstream of a fault event and a reduction in the duration of voltage sags experienced by customers during fault events while allowing for improved fault management configurations of the power distribution system.

A power control apparatus can include a power circuit configured to transfer power to a load circuit. The apparatus can also include one or more environmental sensors configured to register environmental data including at least one of movement, hazardous gas, environmental temperature, environmental moisture, and collision data associated with the apparatus. The apparatus can also include a power controller circuit operatively connected to the one or more environmental sensors and the power circuit, the power controller circuit being configured to receive the environmental data from the one or more environmental sensors, determine whether the received environmental data exceeds a predetermined threshold, and in response to determining that the received environmental data exceeded a predetermined threshold, interrupting supply of power from the power circuit to the load circuit.

Systems, methods, techniques and apparatuses of short circuit protection are disclosed. One exemplary embodiment is a method for protecting a semiconductor switch comprising receiving a measurement corresponding to an electrical characteristic of the semiconductor switch; determining a semiconductor switch resistance value using the received measurement; estimating a junction temperature of the semiconductor switch using the semiconductor switch resistance value; determining a short circuit voltage threshold using the estimated junction temperature; comparing the short circuit voltage threshold to a test voltage corresponding to a drain-source voltage of the semiconductor switch; determining a short circuit condition is occurring in response to comparing the short circuit voltage threshold and the test voltage; and opening the semiconductor switch in response to determining the short circuit condition is occurring.

A power connector includes an insulation body, at least two pins, a thermal conductive element, and a thermal sensor. The insulation body has a cavity and a first housing, and the first housing includes a plug-in surface. The pins pass through the first housing, and one side of the pins extends to the cavity. The thermally and electrically conductive element is disposed in the cavity and extends to the pins, and is spaced apart from the pins. The thermally and electrically conductive element is close to the first housing. The thermal sensor is disposed in the thermally and electrically conductive element.