A heat dissipating apparatus includes a heat sink, a first air moving device coupled to a first end of the heat sink, and a second air moving device coupled to a second end of the heat sink. The first air moving device drives an airflow to move through the heat sink in a direction and the second air moving device drives the airflow to move through the heat sink in the direction.

To control a power state of a power system properly according to a communication state. A system for controlling a power system includes a plurality of sensor devices configured to output measurement data; a first control apparatus configured to estimate a first power state of the power system by using the measurement data obtained by the plurality of sensor devices, calculate a first controlled variable according to the estimated first power state, and output the calculated first controlled variable; and at least a second control apparatus configured to execute a predetermined control operation according to either the first controlled variable calculated in the first control apparatus, or a second controlled apparatus calculated in the second control apparatus. When it is not able to obtain part of the measurement data, the first control apparatus estimates the first power state by using predetermined measurement data among the obtained measurement data.

To control a power state of a power system properly according to a communication state. A system for controlling a power system includes a plurality of sensor devices configured to output measurement data; a first control apparatus configured to estimate a first power state of the power system by using the measurement data obtained by the plurality of sensor devices, calculate a first controlled variable according to the estimated first power state, and output the calculated first controlled variable; and at least a second control apparatus configured to execute a predetermined control operation according to either the first controlled variable calculated in the first control apparatus, or a second controlled apparatus calculated in the second control apparatus. When it is not able to obtain part of the measurement data, the first control apparatus estimates the first power state by using predetermined measurement data among the obtained measurement data.

A case for an electronic device is provided. The case includes a battery and electrical circuitry. The electrical circuitry is configured to receive electrical power from a power source connected to the case, supply the electrical power to the electronic device, and monitor an amount of current of the electrical power used by the electronic device. The electrical circuitry is also configured to charge the battery using a remaining amount of current of the electrical power where the sum of the amount of current used by the electronic device and the remaining amount of current do not exceed a current limit for the power source.

A case for an electronic device is provided. The case includes a battery and electrical circuitry. The electrical circuitry is configured to receive electrical power from a power source connected to the case, supply the electrical power to the electronic device, and monitor an amount of current of the electrical power used by the electronic device. The electrical circuitry is also configured to charge the battery using a remaining amount of current of the electrical power where the sum of the amount of current used by the electronic device and the remaining amount of current do not exceed a current limit for the power source.

A system for controlling electrical power supply of an aircraft includes at least two control boards and at least two switching members. Each switching member is connected to each control board. Each control board includes a processor. Each processor is configured to determine a command for switching states of switch contacts of each switching member and to determine information relating to validity of each switching command. Each switching member includes a transmitter to determine a command to be transmitted to a detector to detect parallelization, a power actuator configured to transmit a power signal to the switch contacts depending on the command received from the detector, and switch contacts configured to selectively open or close an electrical power supply line. The command is selected from the switching commands and the information relating to the validity of each switching command.

A system for controlling electrical power supply of an aircraft includes at least two control boards and at least two switching members. Each switching member is connected to each control board. Each control board includes a processor. Each processor is configured to determine a command for switching states of switch contacts of each switching member and to determine information relating to validity of each switching command. Each switching member includes a transmitter to determine a command to be transmitted to a detector to detect parallelization, a power actuator configured to transmit a power signal to the switch contacts depending on the command received from the detector, and switch contacts configured to selectively open or close an electrical power supply line. The command is selected from the switching commands and the information relating to the validity of each switching command.

A power supply system contains a plurality of power generating devices, a plurality of power consuming devices, and a controller. The controller controls the power supply system based on a rated consumption value indicating an anticipated power consumption of the power supply system and also based on a standby value indicating a standby power. The standby value indicates the standby power made available by the power supply system at which emergency measures can be avoided if the actual power consumption deviates from the rated consumption. The power supply system further has a preprocessing device for calculating a rated consumption value and a standby value at which an emergency measure-free operation can be attained with the required probability, based on consumption values recorded in the past and using a probability value defined on the user side which defines the probability of the emergency measure-free operation of the power supply system.

A power supply system contains a plurality of power generating devices, a plurality of power consuming devices, and a controller. The controller controls the power supply system based on a rated consumption value indicating an anticipated power consumption of the power supply system and also based on a standby value indicating a standby power. The standby value indicates the standby power made available by the power supply system at which emergency measures can be avoided if the actual power consumption deviates from the rated consumption. The power supply system further has a preprocessing device for calculating a rated consumption value and a standby value at which an emergency measure-free operation can be attained with the required probability, based on consumption values recorded in the past and using a probability value defined on the user side which defines the probability of the emergency measure-free operation of the power supply system.

A power management system comprises a plurality of HEMSs 10 and a CEMS 40. The CEMS 40 receives from each HEMS 10, power information including an amount of power consumed by a load connected to each HEMS 10. The CEMS 40 transmits, to each HEMS 10, reduction information including an amount of power that should be reduced in each consumer 70 in response to a power curtailment signal and the power information.