The present disclosure provides a photovoltaic (PV) disconnect device used in an electrical system. The electrical system includes an energy control system electrically coupled to a utility grid. The electrical system includes a PV power generation system electrically coupled to the energy control system. The electrical system includes an energy storage system electrically coupled to the energy control system. The PV disconnect device is electrically coupled to the PV power generation system and the energy control system. The PV disconnect device electrically disconnects the PV power generation system from the energy control system.

The present invention relates to a quick-response voltage control method of distribution systems considering multiple participants, comprising a multiple agent system (MAS), which collects the local information of the distribution system controlled by each agent and interacts with the local information collected by each agent, so that voltage-power sensitivity of the distribution system, used for providing the theoretical basis for voltage regulation, is calculated by distributed calculation; and multiple participants, which establish incentive mechanism by DSOs based on the bidding game with imperfect information, and independently decide their own strategies to obtain the voltage regulation subsidy from the DSOs, according to the calculated voltage-power sensitivities, thus provide voltage support for the distribution system in the process of pursuing benefit maximization.

The present disclosure is directed to systems and methods for economically optimal control of an electrical system. Some embodiments include an input device to receive input from a user. The site information may include an indication from the user of a site participation preference for a response event for an aggregation opportunity.

Systems and apparatuses are disclosed that include a distributed power system configured to provide power to a number of loads. The system includes power converters configured to receive DC power from a common power source, each of the plurality of power converters configured to provide DC power to a corresponding load from. Each of the power converters is positioned proximal to the corresponding load that it powers.

Circuits, methods, and apparatus that may provide power supply voltages in a safe and reliable manner that meets safety and regulatory concerns and does not exceed physical limitations of cables and other circuits and components used to provide the power supply voltages. One example may provide a cable having a sufficient number of conductors to provide power without exceeding a maximum current density for the conductors. Another example may provide a cable having more than the sufficient number of conductors in order to provide an amount of redundancy. Current sense circuits may be included for one or more conductors. When an excess current is sensed, a power source in the power supply may be shut down, the power source may be disconnected from one or more conductors, or both events may occur.

Circuits, methods, and apparatus that may provide power supply voltages in a safe and reliable manner that meets safety and regulatory concerns and does not exceed physical limitations of cables and other circuits and components used to provide the power supply voltages. One example may provide a cable having a sufficient number of conductors to provide power without exceeding a maximum current density for the conductors. Another example may provide a cable having more than the sufficient number of conductors in order to provide an amount of redundancy. Current sense circuits may be included for one or more conductors. When an excess current is sensed, a power source in the power supply may be shut down, the power source may be disconnected from one or more conductors, or both events may occur.

A method includes providing, by processing circuitry, a net resource consumption trajectory including net resource consumption targets for one or more subperiods of a time period. Each net resource consumption target indicates a target difference between resource consumption and resource production or offset for a subperiod of the one or more subperiods. The method includes generating, by the processing circuitry and for a subperiod of the one or more subperiods, a set of actions predicted to achieve the net resource consumption target for the subperiod. The method includes implementing, by the processing circuitry, the set of actions.

A method for enabling communication over a cellular network between a first communication device of a first substation and a second communication device of a second substation. The substations are connected to a power transmission line. The method includes the steps of: receiving multicast communication from the first communication device, wherein the multicast communication including a plurality of multicast packets, and each multicast packet includes a phasor value associated with the first substation and a sequence number; receiving an acknowledgement from the second communication device, the acknowledgement including a plurality of sequence numbers of the most recently received multicast packets, that the second communication device has received from the first communication device; and determining a packet loss to the second communication device when there is a mismatch between the sequence numbers of the acknowledgment, when compared with the sequence numbers of the received multicast communication.

An apparatus for a bicycle includes an intermediate power connector configured for transmitting power between a bicycle component and a power source positioned remote from the bicycle component. The intermediate power connector has a coupling portion configured for removable attachment to a connecting portion of the bicycle component. The bicycle component can also include a battery having a battery coupling portion configured for removable attachment to the connecting portion of the bicycle component. The battery and the intermediate power connector can be selectively attachable to the bicycle component to provide power thereto.

A method for controlling a wind farm to damp low-frequency electrical oscillations, in particular subsynchronous resonances, in an electrical supply grid having a grid voltage with a nominal grid frequency is provided. The wind farm comprises at least one wind turbine connected to the electrical supply grid. The method includes sensing at least one low-frequency electrical oscillation of the electrical supply grid; determining an oscillation characteristic of each of the at least one sensed oscillation, the oscillation characteristic describing at least one property of the sensed oscillation; specifying an active-power damping signal and/or a reactive-power damping signal for damping the at least one low-frequency oscillation; feeding in an active power component in accordance with the active-power damping signal or a reactive power component in accordance with the reactive-power damping signal, the active-power damping signal and the reactive-power damping signal being specified in dependence on the determined oscillation characteristic.