Some embodiments include a resonant converter klystron driver. A resonant converter klystron driver, for example, may include an input power supply; a full-bridge circuit coupled with the input power supply; a resonant circuit coupled with the full-bridge; a step-up transformer coupled with the resonant circuit; a rectifier coupled with a step-up transformer; a filter stage coupled with the rectifier; and an output coupled with the filter stage. In some embodiments, the output could be coupled with a klystron.

A technique for performing power level control of one or more beams transmitted by a wireless transmission device to a wireless reception device is disclosed. A method implementation of the technique is performed by the wireless transmission device and comprises transmitting (S202) each of the one or more beams at a default power level of the respective beam, detecting (S204) an obstacle entering the one or more beams based on a change in an electromagnetic environment associated with the one or more beams, the obstacle, once entered, at least partially blocking the one or more beams with respect to the wireless reception device, and decreasing (S206), for each of the one or more beams, an output power of the respective beam from the default power level of the respective beam to a predetermined threshold power level of the respective beam.

An apparatus can comprise a circuit and an electrical element coupled to the circuit. The circuit can include a pulse generator to generate an electrical pulse having a first power and a load. The electrical element can be configured to receive heat that is converted into electrical energy by the circuit to apply a second power, greater than the first power, to the load.

An apparatus can comprise a circuit and an electrical element coupled to the circuit. The circuit can include a pulse generator to generate an electrical pulse having a first power and a load. The electrical element can be configured to receive heat that is converted into electrical energy by the circuit to apply a second power, greater than the first power, to the load.

Some embodiments of the invention include a pre-pulse switching system. The pre-pulsing switching system may include: a power source configured to provide a voltage greater than 100 V; a pre-pulse switch coupled with the power source and configured to provide a pre-pulse having a pulse width of T.sub.pp; and a main switch coupled with the power source and configured to provide a main pulse such that an output pulse comprises a single pulse with negligible ringing. The pre-pulse may be provided to a load by closing the pre-pulse switch while the main switch is open. The main pulse may be provided to the load by closing the main switch after a delay T.sub.delay after the pre-pulse switch has been opened.

Some embodiments of the invention include a pre-pulse switching system. The pre-pulsing switching system may include: a power source configured to provide a voltage greater than 100 V; a pre-pulse switch coupled with the power source and configured to provide a pre-pulse having a pulse width of T.sub.pp; and a main switch coupled with the power source and configured to provide a main pulse such that an output pulse comprises a single pulse with negligible ringing. The pre-pulse may be provided to a load by closing the pre-pulse switch while the main switch is open. The main pulse may be provided to the load by closing the main switch after a delay T.sub.delay after the pre-pulse switch has been opened.

A circuit is operative to extract electromagnetic wave energy from the ground via a resonant transformer in which resonance is triggered by electrical charge arcing across a spark gap. A center tap of the primary winding of the transformer is capacitively coupled to an electrode buried in the ground. In-rush current from the ground electrode is converted to a useful form (e.g., one- or three-phase 60 Hz AC) by a power conversion circuit connected to the secondary winding of the resonant transformer. The ground electrode of the capacitor coupling the grounded electrode to the center tap primary winding is the shield of a Faraday cage enclosing the resonant transformer, spark gap, and a high-voltage power supply exciting the spark gap.

A circuit is operative to extract electromagnetic wave energy from the ground via a resonant transformer in which resonance is triggered by electrical charge arcing across a spark gap. A center tap of the primary winding of the transformer is capacitively coupled to an electrode buried in the ground. In-rush current from the ground electrode is converted to a useful form (e.g., one- or three-phase 60 Hz AC) by a power conversion circuit connected to the secondary winding of the resonant transformer. The ground electrode of the capacitor coupling the grounded electrode to the center tap primary winding is the shield of a Faraday cage enclosing the resonant transformer, spark gap, and a high-voltage power supply exciting the spark gap.

A reference voltage generation circuit for generating an output voltage is provided. The reference voltage generation circuit includes a bandgap reference circuit and a voltage adjustment circuit. The bandgap reference circuit generates the output voltage at an output node and a reference voltage. The voltage adjustment circuit is coupled to the bandgap reference circuit. The voltage adjustment circuit receives the output voltage and the reference voltage, compares the output voltage with the reference voltage to generate a comparison result, and adjusts the output voltage according to the comparison result.

A reference voltage generation circuit for generating an output voltage is provided. The reference voltage generation circuit includes a bandgap reference circuit and a voltage adjustment circuit. The bandgap reference circuit generates the output voltage at an output node and a reference voltage. The voltage adjustment circuit is coupled to the bandgap reference circuit. The voltage adjustment circuit receives the output voltage and the reference voltage, compares the output voltage with the reference voltage to generate a comparison result, and adjusts the output voltage according to the comparison result.