Expansion compensating structures are formed in redistribution layers of a wafer-level chip-scale integrated circuit package (WLCSP) or other IC package having a low-expansion substrate. The structures include micromechanical actuators designed and oriented to move solder bumps attached to them in the same direction and distance as a function of temperature as do pads to which they may be connected on a higher-expansion substrate such as a printed circuit board. Expansion compensated IC packages incorporating these expansion compensating structures are provided, as well as expansion compensated assemblies containing one or more of these IC packages. Methods of fabricating expansion compensated IC packages requiring minimal changes to existing commercial WLCSP fabrication processes are also provided. These devices and methods will result in assemblies having improved board-level reliability during thermal cycling, and allow the use of larger IC die sizes in WLCSP technology.

The present disclosure provides a small and well-focused lens driving device, a camera including the lens driving device, and a portable electronic apparatus. The lens driving device includes a fixing base, a cover, a lens holder, a support frame, a support member, and a shape memory alloy portion. In the lens driving device, a receiving space is defined by the fixing base and the cover. The lens holder configured to receive a lens, as well as the support frame, the support member, and the shape memory alloy portion that cause the lens holder to move freely in an optical axis direction are provided in the receiving space. The shape memory alloy portion has a shape memory alloy and a crimping lug, and the shape memory alloy portion is provided on the fixing base and the support frame to cause the lens holder to move freely in the optical axis direction.

The present disclosure provides a small and well-focused lens driving device, a camera including the lens driving device, and a portable electronic apparatus. The lens driving device includes a fixing base, a cover, a lens holder, a support frame, a support member, and a shape memory alloy portion. In the lens driving device, a receiving space is defined by the fixing base and the cover. The lens holder configured to receive a lens, as well as the support frame, the support member, and the shape memory alloy portion that cause the lens holder to move freely in an optical axis direction are provided in the receiving space. The shape memory alloy portion has a shape memory alloy and a crimping lug, and the shape memory alloy portion is provided on the fixing base and the support frame to cause the lens holder to move freely in the optical axis direction.

Particular embodiments described herein provide for a flexible vapor chamber with shape memory material for an electronic device. In an example, the electronic device can include a flexible vapor chamber and shape memory material coupled to the shape memory material. When the shape memory material is activated, the shape memory material moves a portion of the flexible vapor chamber to a position that helps with heat dissipation of heat collected by the flexible vapor chamber.

SMA actuators and related methods are described. One embodiment of an actuator includes a base; a plurality of buckle arms; and at least a first shape memory alloy wire coupled with a pair of buckle arms of the plurality of buckle arms. Another embodiment of an actuator includes a base and at least one bimorph actuator including a shape memory alloy material. The bimorph actuator attached to the base.

SMA actuators and related methods are described. One embodiment of an actuator includes a base; a plurality of buckle arms; and at least a first shape memory alloy wire coupled with a pair of buckle arms of the plurality of buckle arms. Another embodiment of an actuator includes a base and at least one bimorph actuator including a shape memory alloy material. The bimorph actuator attached to the base.

An optical actuator, including: a base; a lens module comprising two first side surfaces opposite each other; and a plurality of shape memory alloy wires forming two wire groups, the two wire groups being disposed on the two first side surfaces, respectively, wherein two ends of each shape memory alloy wire are fixed to a base-end fixing device and a lens-end fixing device, respectively; and the direction of the resultant force acting on the lens module by the two wire groups is consistent with the direction of the optical axis of the lens module, so that the lens module is driven to move along the direction of the optical axis of the lens module by means of expansion and contraction of the shape memory alloy wires of the two wire groups.

An optical actuator, including: a base; a lens module comprising two first side surfaces opposite each other; and a plurality of shape memory alloy wires forming two wire groups, the two wire groups being disposed on the two first side surfaces, respectively, wherein two ends of each shape memory alloy wire are fixed to a base-end fixing device and a lens-end fixing device, respectively; and the direction of the resultant force acting on the lens module by the two wire groups is consistent with the direction of the optical axis of the lens module, so that the lens module is driven to move along the direction of the optical axis of the lens module by means of expansion and contraction of the shape memory alloy wires of the two wire groups.

A linear drive comprises: a lever having a through bore; a rod which extends through the bore; a bearing supporting the rod; a shape memory alloy connected to the lever and a first fixed bearing, the shape memory alloy exerting a tensile force on the lever when electrical power is applied; and a restoring element connected to the lever and a second fixed bearing, the restoring element exerting a restoring force on the lever and counter to the tensile force. In a first state, the lever is tilted making a non-positive connection between the lever and the rod. In a second state the lever is displaced in parallel to and in the direction of the tensile force. In a third state the lever is tilted back releasing the non-positive connection. In a fourth state, the lever is displaced in parallel to and in the direction of the restoring force.

A linear drive comprises: a lever having a through bore; a rod which extends through the bore; a bearing supporting the rod; a shape memory alloy connected to the lever and a first fixed bearing, the shape memory alloy exerting a tensile force on the lever when electrical power is applied; and a restoring element connected to the lever and a second fixed bearing, the restoring element exerting a restoring force on the lever and counter to the tensile force. In a first state, the lever is tilted making a non-positive connection between the lever and the rod. In a second state the lever is displaced in parallel to and in the direction of the tensile force. In a third state the lever is tilted back releasing the non-positive connection. In a fourth state, the lever is displaced in parallel to and in the direction of the restoring force.