An apparatus can comprise a DC power supply to generate a DC electrical signal, a pulse generator to generate an electrical pulse, and an electrical element. The pulse generator and the DC power supply can be electrically coupled together. The electrical element can receive the DC electrical signal and the electrical pulse. The electrical element can generate a magnetic field in response to receiving the DC electrical signal and cool in response to receiving the electrical pulse.

An apparatus can comprise a DC power supply to generate a DC electrical signal, a pulse generator to generate an electrical pulse, and an electrical element. The pulse generator and the DC power supply can be electrically coupled together. The electrical element can receive the DC electrical signal and the electrical pulse. The electrical element can generate a magnetic field in response to receiving the DC electrical signal and cool in response to receiving the electrical pulse.

A mover is configured to be electromagnetically propelled along a track in a linear motor track system with a force that is calculated to include compensation for gravity. A multi-axis accelerometer arranged in each segment of the track can detect an orientation or angle of the track segment for determining gravity with respect to the particular section. As a result, if the track is at an incline, such as a ramp, a desired force for moving a mover along the track can be compensated to include gravity due to the incline for achieving a desired motion result. In addition, the detected orientation of the track can be compared to an expected orientation stored by a control program to avoid a loss of performance due to physical changes in the track not matching an expected/programmed configuration of the track.

A motor driving device having a lock protection mode includes a rotation speed detecting unit, an operating unit, a driving unit, a floating point selecting unit, a BEMF detecting unit, a control unit, and a lock protection unit. The operating unit enters an operating mode after a motor is stably operated, and generates an operating signal having phases according to a commutation sequence, and the driving unit drives the motor. The BEMF detecting unit detects a BEMF of a first floating phase to generate a detection result. The control unit outputs a commutation signal to cause the driving unit to drive the motor. When the rotation speed detecting unit determines that a rotation speed of the motor exceeds a predetermined rotation speed, the rotation speed detecting unit outputs a switching signal to the lock protection unit to enter the lock protection mode.

A surgical stapler. The surgical stapler includes a drive system, an electric motor, a battery and a control system. The drive system includes a movable drive member. The electric motor is mechanically coupled to the drive system. The battery is electrically couplable to the electric motor. The control system is electrically connected to the electric motor and includes an accelerometer. The control system is configured to control a force applied to the drive system based on an acceleration of the movable drive member.

A surgical stapler. The surgical stapler includes a drive system, an electric motor, a battery and a control system. The drive system includes a movable drive member. The electric motor is mechanically coupled to the drive system. The battery is electrically couplable to the electric motor. The control system is electrically connected to the electric motor and includes an accelerometer. The control system is configured to control a force applied to the drive system based on an acceleration of the movable drive member.

A system and method for integrated charging a vehicle includes a hybrid excitation machine, operable as a traction motor and including a rotor separated by an air gap from a stator with AC windings. An AC utility line power supply is connected to the AC windings providing an electrical current to the vehicle and inducing a magnetic flux across the air gap and in the rotor. A short circuit, an open circuit, or a DC voltage may be applied to a DC winding in the stator to reduce the magnetic flux into the rotor. A field coil in the rotor may be excited with a DC voltage using a secondary coil on the rotor in a traction mode. The secondary coil is excited by the stator windings using field-oriented control in a “self-excited machine” embodiment, and is directly excited by a separate primary coil in an “externally-excited machine” embodiment.

A board a motor driver control circuit, a first connector, a first wire, a second wire, a third wire, a fourth wire, a fifth wire, and a sixth wire. The motor driver control circuit includes a first H-bridge and a second H-bridge. The first connector is a connector to which an output from the first H-bridge and an output from the second H-bridge are input. The first wire and the second wire input the output from the first H-bridge to the first connector. The third wire and the fourth wire input the output from the second H-bridge to the first connector. The fifth wire is connected to the first wire and outputs the first H-bridge output to another connector. The sixth wire is connected to the second wire and outputs the first H-bridge output to the other connector.

A board includes a first motor driver control circuit, a first connector, and a second connector. The first motor driver control circuit includes a first H-bridge and a second H-bridge. The first connector includes at least the following: a first pin to which a first output of the first H-bridge is input, a second pin to which a second output of the first H-bridge is input, and a third pin. The second connector is disposed apart from the first connector and includes at least the following: a first pin to which a first output of the second H-bridge is input, a second pin to which a second output of the second H-bridge is input, and a third pin of the second connector.

A system includes a motor control module and an occupant weight classification module. The motor control module is configured to supply power to a motor to move a seat in a first direction from a first position to a second position when the seat is unoccupied and supply power to the motor to move the seat in a second direction from a third position to a fourth position when an occupant is in the seat. The occupant weight classification module is configured to measure a first frequency of ripples in current supplied to the motor as the seat is moved from the first position to the second position, measure a second frequency of ripples in the current supplied to the motor as the seat is moved from the third position to the fourth position, and determine a weight of the occupant based on the first and second frequencies.