An anti-pinch method for an apparatus for automatic movement of sliding windows including the steps of: receiving at least one electrical quantity (e.sub.a, i.sub.a) of the motor (M); counting (R.sub.c) oscillation periods (R.sub.d) of the at least one electrical quantity (e.sub.a, i.sub.a); calculating an angular position ((t)) of the motor (M) as a function of the number of periods (R.sub.c) of the electrical quantity (e.sub.a, i.sub.a); calculating a position of the window (F) as a function of said angular position ((t)) of the motor (M); and reversing the direction of rotation of the motor (M) if the position of the window (F) falls within an anti-pinch zone (APZ) and the movement of the motor (M) is at least partially blocked.

A power tool/battery pack combination includes an electric motor, one or more electrochemical cells, and a capacitive element. The electric motor is connected in series to a first switch. The series combination of the electric motor and the first switch is connected to a first terminal and a second terminal. The one or more electrochemical cells are connected across a third terminal and a fourth terminal. The third terminal and the fourth terminal are coupled respectively to the first terminal and the second terminal. The one or more electrochemical cells supply power to the electric motor via the first switch. The capacitive element includes one or more capacitors. The capacitive element is connected across the third terminal and the fourth terminal. The capacitive element is capable of storing inductive energy generated by the one or more electrochemical cells.

A power tool/battery pack combination includes an electric motor, one or more electrochemical cells, and a capacitive element. The electric motor is connected in series to a first switch. The series combination of the electric motor and the first switch is connected to a first terminal and a second terminal. The one or more electrochemical cells are connected across a third terminal and a fourth terminal. The third terminal and the fourth terminal are coupled respectively to the first terminal and the second terminal. The one or more electrochemical cells supply power to the electric motor via the first switch. The capacitive element includes one or more capacitors. The capacitive element is connected across the third terminal and the fourth terminal. The capacitive element is capable of storing inductive energy generated by the one or more electrochemical cells.

A motor control system and method for a brushed direct current (BDC) motor using a compensated and corrected ripple count. Motor control circuitry, for example implemented in digital logic such as a microcontroller, receives a coil current signal and a motor voltage signal. Discontinuities in the coil current signal, are counted to generate a ripple count. An observer function derives an angular frequency model estimate using a computational model for the motor applying motor parameters estimated in an initial estimation interval following startup of the motor. A corrected ripple count is generated based on a comparison of a commutation angle of the motor with an angular position based on the angular frequency model estimate. Compensation for cumulative error over the initial estimation interval is derived from a behavioral motor model applying the estimated motor parameters. A motor drive signal is adjusted based on the compensated corrected ripple count.

A robot system includes one or more combinations of a driving section configured to receive supply of electric power and generate a rotation output of an output shaft and receive supply of a rotating force to the output shaft and generate electric power, a movable section moved by the rotation output, a detecting section configured to detect an angular position of the output shaft, resistor equipment coupled to the driving section, and a switch that can turn on and off coupling of the resistor equipment and the driving section and a control section configured to control the robot system. The control section can execute first braking control targeting the driving section to which the electric power is not supplied, the first braking control calculating speed of the rotation output of the driving section based on an output of the detecting section and causing the switch to turn on and off the coupling of the resistor equipment and the driving section at timing determined in a time-series manner according to target deceleration of the driving section and the speed of the rotation output.

A motor control system includes a DC motor and a ripple count circuit. The DC motor includes a rotor that rotates in response to a drive current. The rotation of the rotor generates a mechanical force that drives a component. The ripple count circuit includes an active filter circuit and a parasitic pulse cancellation circuit. The active filter circuit is configured to filter the drive current and to generate a pulsed signal. The parasitic pulse cancelation circuit is in signal communication with the ripple count circuit to receive the pulsed signal and generates a ripple count signal that excludes parasitic pulses included in the pulsed signal having a parasitic voltage level that exceeds a voltage level of a voltage threshold. The parasitic pulse cancelation circuit actively adjusts the voltage level of the voltage threshold based at least in part on a rotational direction of the rotor.

An apparatus can comprise a circuit and an electrical element coupled to the circuit. The circuit can include a pulse generator to generate an electrical pulse having a first power and a load. The electrical element can be configured to receive heat that is converted into electrical energy by the circuit to apply a second power, greater than the first power, to the load.

An apparatus can comprise a circuit and an electrical element coupled to the circuit. The circuit can include a pulse generator to generate an electrical pulse having a first power and a load. The electrical element can be configured to receive heat that is converted into electrical energy by the circuit to apply a second power, greater than the first power, to the load.

A trigger assembly, for use with a power tool having an electric motor, includes a trigger, a conductor coupled for movement with the trigger, and a printed circuit board. The printed circuit board has an inductive sensor thereon responsive to relative movement between the conductor and the inductive sensor caused by movement of the trigger. An output of the inductive sensor is used to activate the electric motor.

A method and apparatus for controlling the direction of a defrost device for refrigeration coils includes measuring the current drawn by or the torque produced by a permanent magnet motor, wherein the permanent magnet motor powers a defrost device recurrently back and forth along refrigeration coils and reverses the direction of the permanent magnet motor when the measured current drawn or measured torque produced are at or above a first limit. The method omits the use of switches and sensors to signal when the defrost device is reversed to reduce failures and stoppages.