A test device is configured for testing a specimen which has an inductor. The test device includes a controllable unit for reducing a current intensity of a current flowing in the inductor.

Circuits and methods to control a current in a coil are disclosed. The circuit and methods provide over-dwell protection and soft shut-down functionality to safely discharge the coil. The safe discharge of the coil is facilitated by a soft-start ramp signal that reduces the coil current gradually by controlling a switching device according. A profile of the soft-start ramp signal over time determines the gradual reduction. The profile of the soft-start ramp signal can be adjusted to set (i) an over-dwell period of the coil current, after which the coil current is shut down, and (ii) a soft shut-down period, over which the coil current is gradually reduced.

Circuits and methods to control a current in a coil are disclosed. The circuit and methods provide over-dwell protection and soft shut-down functionality to safely discharge the coil. The safe discharge of the coil is facilitated by a soft-start ramp signal that reduces the coil current gradually by controlling a switching device according. A profile of the soft-start ramp signal over time determines the gradual reduction. The profile of the soft-start ramp signal can be adjusted to set (i) an over-dwell period of the coil current, after which the coil current is shut down, and (ii) a soft shut-down period, over which the coil current is gradually reduced.

Circuits and methods to control a current in a coil are disclosed. The circuit and methods provide over-dwell protection and soft shut-down functionality to safely discharge the coil. The safe discharge of the coil is facilitated by a soft-start ramp signal that reduces the coil current gradually by controlling a switching device according. A profile of the soft-start ramp signal over time determines the gradual reduction. The profile of the soft-start ramp signal can be adjusted to set (i) an over-dwell period of the coil current, after which the coil current is shut down, and (ii) a soft shut-down period, over which the coil current is gradually reduced.

A structure for wireless communication having a plurality of conductor layers, an insulator layer separating each of the conductor layers, and at least one connector connecting two of the conductor layers wherein an electrical resistance is reduced when an electrical signal is induced in the resonator at a predetermined frequency. The structure is capable of transmitting or receiving electrical energy and/or data at various near and far field magnetic coupling frequencies.

A structure for wireless communication having a plurality of conductor layers, an insulator layer separating each of the conductor layers, and at least one connector connecting two of the conductor layers wherein an electrical resistance is reduced when an electrical signal is induced in the resonator at a predetermined frequency. The structure is capable of transmitting or receiving electrical energy and/or data at various near and far field magnetic coupling frequencies.

An electrically operated valve system includes: a first switching element and a second switching element connected in series to an electric power supply; a third switching element and a fourth switching element connected in series to the electric power supply; diodes; a coil connected between a first middle point and a second middle point, the coil being wired such that a valve opens when the second switching element and the third switching element are opened and the first switching element and the fourth switching element are closed; a shutoff switch configured to shut off a path between a positive electrode of the first switching element and the electric power supply; and a capacitor connected at one end of the capacitor between the shutoff switch and the first switching element and connected at the other end of the capacitor to the negative electrode of the electric power supply.

A method for controlling an output voltage of at least one transformer in a power grid. The comprises providing the least one transformers with a power electronics converter and an output voltage controller, determining a grid frequency, comparing the grid frequency with a reference value, producing an error signal, applying the error signal as feedback to the controller, and generating a control action to cause the controller to change the output voltage of the transformer comprising a power electronics converter. The power electronics converter is an AC-AC converter, and the method comprises connecting the AC-AC converter to either a primary side or a secondary side of the transformer. The AC-AC converter has a first AC side and a second AC side and the method comprises connecting two terminals on the first AC side in-parallel to a winding of the transformer, and connecting the second AC side to an external circuit line.

A structure for wireless communication having a plurality of conductor layers, an insulator layer separating each of the conductor layers, and at least one connector connecting two of the conductor layers wherein an electrical resistance is reduced when an electrical signal is induced in the resonator at a predetermined frequency. The structure is capable of transmitting or receiving electrical energy and/or data at various near and far field magnetic coupling frequencies.

A structure for wireless communication having a plurality of conductor layers, an insulator layer separating each of the conductor layers, and at least one connector connecting two of the conductor layers wherein an electrical resistance is reduced when an electrical signal is induced in the resonator at a predetermined frequency. The structure is capable of transmitting or receiving electrical energy and/or data at various near and far field magnetic coupling frequencies.