A solar actuator comprises a top coupler, a bottom coupler, and a plurality of fluidic bellows actuators, wherein a fluidic bellows actuator of the plurality of fluidic bellows actuators moves the top coupler relative to the bottom coupler.

The present invention relates to an energy supply circuit for instantly supplying power without a power converter and an electronic device which operates only when energy is supplied from an energy source using the same. An energy supply circuit without a power converter according to the present invention comprises: an energy extraction unit 10 for generating power from an energy source; and output unit 20 for supplying power to an external electronic circuit; a switch unit 30 interposed between the energy extraction unit and the output unit 20 to connect an output end of the energy extraction unit 10 to the output unit 20 when switched on; and a maximum power point tracking control unit 40 for generating an open/closed signal for opening or closing the switch unit 30 according to the voltage and current of the energy extraction unit 10. The present invention has a technical feature wherein a turn-on point of the open/closed signal comes at a time when the output end voltage of the energy extraction unit 10 is Vh, and a turn-off point comes at a time when the output end voltage of the energy extraction unit 10 is Vl. Accordingly, the present invention has a simple configuration, low manufacturing costs, has no energy loss due to the power conversion, and has no reduction in life due to charging and discharging of an energy storage device.

Panels that electrically connect with one or more adjacent structures. The panels include a body with outer sides. Electrical connectors are positioned along each at least two of the outer sides to electrically connect the panel to one or more adjacent structures. Two or more of the sides are divided about a mirror line into two different sections. The electrical connectors positioned along each of the sections are arranged in a mirror image about the mirror line. The mirror image positioning of the electrical connectors along two or more of the sides provides for the panel to be electrically connected to the one or more adjacent structures when the panel is in different orientations.

A system and method are provided for forming energy filter layers or shutter components, including energy/light directing/scattering layers that are actively electrically switchable. The energy filters or shutter components are operable between at least a first mode in which the layers, and thus the presentation of the shutter components, appear substantially transparent when viewed from an energy/light incident side, and a second mode in which the layers, and thus the presentation of the energy filters or shutter components, appear opaque to the incident energy impinging on the energy incident side. The differing modes are selectable by electrically energizing, differentially energizing and/or de-energizing electric fields in a vicinity of the energy scattering layers, including electric fields generated between a pair of transparent electrodes sandwiching an energy scattering layer. Refractive indices of transparent particles, and the transparent matrices in which the particles are fixed, are tunable according to the applied electric fields.

A system and method are provided for forming energy filter layers or shutter components, including energy/light directing/scattering layers that are actively electrically switchable. The energy filters or shutter components are operable between at least a first mode in which the layers, and thus the presentation of the shutter components, appear substantially transparent when viewed from an energy/light incident side, and a second mode in which the layers, and thus the presentation of the energy filters or shutter components, appear opaque to the incident energy impinging on the energy incident side. The differing modes are selectable by electrically energizing, differentially energizing and/or de-energizing electric fields in a vicinity of the energy scattering layers, including electric fields generated between a pair of transparent electrodes sandwiching an energy scattering layer. Refractive indices of transparent particles, and the transparent matrices in which the particles are fixed, are tunable according to the applied electric fields.

A system and method are provided for forming body structures including energy filters/shutter components, including energy/light directing/scattering layers that are actively electrically switchable. The filters or components are operable between at least a first mode in which the layers, and thus the presentation of the shutter components, appear substantially transparent when viewed from an energy/light incident side, and a second mode in which the layers, and thus the presentation of the energy filters or shutter components, appear opaque to the incident energy impinging on the energy incident side. The differing modes are selectable by electrically energizing, differentially energizing and/or de-energizing electric fields in a vicinity of the energy scattering layers, including electric fields generated between a pair of transparent electrodes sandwiching an energy scattering layer. Refractive indices of transparent particles, and the transparent matrices in which the particles are fixed, are tunable according to the applied electric fields.

A system and method are provided for forming body structures including energy filters/shutter components, including energy/light directing/scattering layers that are actively electrically switchable. The filters or components are operable between at least a first mode in which the layers, and thus the presentation of the shutter components, appear substantially transparent when viewed from an energy/light incident side, and a second mode in which the layers, and thus the presentation of the energy filters or shutter components, appear opaque to the incident energy impinging on the energy incident side. The differing modes are selectable by electrically energizing, differentially energizing and/or de-energizing electric fields in a vicinity of the energy scattering layers, including electric fields generated between a pair of transparent electrodes sandwiching an energy scattering layer. Refractive indices of transparent particles, and the transparent matrices in which the particles are fixed, are tunable according to the applied electric fields.

A solar tracker arrangement is disclosed that includes a framework. a plurality of PV modules. a torsion tube and wind break plates. The framework is defined by running rails that extend in an east-west direction when the tracker is in an operational configuration, with the running rails spaced apart and parallel to each other. The PV modules are mounted to the running rails to define a PV module array. A torsion tube extends in a north-south direction when in an operational configuration, with the running rails secured to the torsion tube such that rotation of the torsion tube tilts the PV modules in the east-west direction. The wind break plates are mounted to the north and south edges of the PV module array and the torsion tube.

A solar tracker arrangement is disclosed that includes a framework. a plurality of PV modules. a torsion tube and wind break plates. The framework is defined by running rails that extend in an east-west direction when the tracker is in an operational configuration, with the running rails spaced apart and parallel to each other. The PV modules are mounted to the running rails to define a PV module array. A torsion tube extends in a north-south direction when in an operational configuration, with the running rails secured to the torsion tube such that rotation of the torsion tube tilts the PV modules in the east-west direction. The wind break plates are mounted to the north and south edges of the PV module array and the torsion tube.

A system and method are provided for forming one-way light transmissive layers implementing optical light scattering techniques in those layers, and to objects, object portions, lenses, filters, screens and the like that are formed of, or that otherwise incorporate, such one-way light transmissive layers. Processes are provided by which to form, or otherwise incorporate, one or more one-way light transmissive, or substantially transparent, object portions or layers in solid or hollow objects Individual one-way light transmissive layers are formed of substantially-transparent sub-micrometer spheres, including micro-particles and/or nano-particles, with nano-voids incorporated between them. Refractive indices of the sub-micrometer particles are tunable in order that the finished layers provide an opaque appearance when viewed from a light incident side that is rendered according to an individual user's desires, but that are substantially-transparent to light passing through the finished layers to areas or sensors behind those finished layers.