Embodiments include applying neural network technologies to encoding/decoding technologies by training and encoder model and a decoder model using a neural network. Neural network training is used to tune a neural network parameter for the encoder model and a neural network parameter for the decoder model that approximates an objective function. The common objective function may specify a minimized reconstruction error to be achieved by the encoder model and the decoder model when reconstructing (encoding then decoding) training data. The common objective function also specifies for the encoder and decoder models, a variable f representing static aspects of the training data and a set of variables z1:T representing dynamic aspects of the training data. During runtime, the trained encoder and decoder models are implemented by encoder and decoder machines to encode and decoder runtime sequences having a higher compression rate and a lower reconstruction error than in prior approaches.

Embodiments include applying neural network technologies to encoding/decoding technologies by training and encoder model and a decoder model using a neural network. Neural network training is used to tune a neural network parameter for the encoder model and a neural network parameter for the decoder model that approximates an objective function. The common objective function may specify a minimized reconstruction error to be achieved by the encoder model and the decoder model when reconstructing (encoding then decoding) training data. The common objective function also specifies for the encoder and decoder models, a variable f representing static aspects of the training data and a set of variables z1:T representing dynamic aspects of the training data. During runtime, the trained encoder and decoder models are implemented by encoder and decoder machines to encode and decoder runtime sequences having a higher compression rate and a lower reconstruction error than in prior approaches.

A technique to prevent a retrieving process of a conversion rule from taking a longer time is provided. Provided are a conversion table in which a predetermined number of entry regions capable of storing a mapping between first data and second data smaller in size than the first data are included, the predetermined number of entry regions are divided into a plurality of bank regions, and each of the plurality of bank regions includes entry regions smaller in number than the predetermined number, a determination unit configured to uniquely determine, among the plurality of bank regions, a bank region corresponding to the first data, and a processing unit configured to search entry regions of the determined bank region the predetermined number of times each or a smaller number of times than the predetermined number each, output, when the second data corresponding to the first data is stored, the second data, and when the second data corresponding to the first data is not stored, register the second data corresponding to the first data in an entry region in which another piece of second data is not stored and output the first data.

A method of encoding data values where the data values are arranged into words, each word having a plurality of input values and one or more padding bits. A word is encoded by determining whether more than half of the bits in a portion of the word are ones, where the portion may be some or all of the bits of the input values in the word, and in response to determining that more than half of the bits in the portion are ones, inverting all the bits in the portion and setting a corresponding padding bit to a value to indicate the inversion.

Techniques are provided for implementing additional compression for existing compressed data. Format information stored within a data block is evaluated to determine whether the data block is compressed or uncompressed. In response to the data block being compressed according to a first compression format, the data block is decompressed using the format information. The data block is compressed with one or more other data blocks to create compressed data having a second compression format different than the first compression format.

In certain examples, methods and semiconductor structures are directed to an apparatus including a photon emitter such as an LED which operates over an emission wavelength range and a photo-voltaic device arranged relative to the photon emitter to provide index-matched optical coupling between the photo-voltaic device and the photon emitter for an emission wavelength range of the photon emitter.

Methods of encoding and decoding are described which use a variable number of instruction words to encode instructions from an instruction set, such that different instructions within the instruction set may be encoded using different numbers of instruction words. To encode an instruction, the bits within the instruction are reordered and formed into instruction words based upon their variance as determined using empirical or simulation data. The bits in the instruction words are compared to corresponding predicted values and some or all of the instruction words that match the predicted values are omitted from the encoded instruction.

Methods of encoding and decoding are described which use a variable number of instruction words to encode instructions from an instruction set, such that different instructions within the instruction set may be encoded using different numbers of instruction words. To encode an instruction, the bits within the instruction are reordered and formed into instruction words based upon their variance as determined using empirical or simulation data. The bits in the instruction words are compared to corresponding predicted values and some or all of the instruction words that match the predicted values are omitted from the encoded instruction.

A decoding device is used to securely send corresponding data gathered from multiple underground sources to multiple users. The device comprises a signal receiving port connected to multiple bandwidth filters and further connected to internet access points that are assigned to end users for secure data access. The invention facilitates allowing the signal and data being transmitted through the formation of the earth to reach end users located nearby and significant distances away from the source of the transmission. A system and method utilizing the decoding device is provided.

Floating-point numbers are compressed for neural network computations. A compressor receives multiple operands, each operand having a floating-point representation of a sign bit, an exponent, and a fraction. The compressor re-orders the operands into a first sequence of consecutive sign bits, a second sequence of consecutive exponents, and a third sequence of consecutive fractions. The compressor then compresses the first sequence, the second sequence, and the third sequence to remove at least duplicate exponents. As a result, the compressor can losslessly generate a compressed data sequence.