Devices, systems and methods for biological sensing and communication using optogenetics and electronics are described. One example method includes generating a light beam incident on multiple regions in a device, wherein each region comprises an optogenetic system to generate, upon interacting with the light beam, biosensors, wherein an interaction between the biosensors and stimulus molecules in each region is associated with a threshold for a production of an output molecule or an alteration of an output property of the output molecule, the biosensors, or the stimulus molecules, wherein the production or the alteration is based on a value associated with an information source, detecting an output received from one or more of the multiple regions corresponding to the output molecule or the output property in that region, and generating an electric signal associated therewith, and processing the electrical signal to determine the value associated with the information source.

Devices, systems and methods for biological sensing and communication using optogenetics and electronics are described. One example method includes generating a light beam incident on multiple regions in a device, wherein each region comprises an optogenetic system to generate, upon interacting with the light beam, biosensors, wherein an interaction between the biosensors and stimulus molecules in each region is associated with a threshold for a production of an output molecule or an alteration of an output property of the output molecule, the biosensors, or the stimulus molecules, wherein the production or the alteration is based on a value associated with an information source, detecting an output received from one or more of the multiple regions corresponding to the output molecule or the output property in that region, and generating an electric signal associated therewith, and processing the electrical signal to determine the value associated with the information source.

Described herein are systems and methods of information transfer using transmission of light through a moving medium in order to achieve higher speeds of information transfer. The medium may be moved through a conduit, either in one direction, or in an oscillating back-and-forth fashion. Light is transmitted through the moving medium in the conduit.

Described herein are systems and methods of information transfer using transmission of light through a moving medium in order to achieve higher speeds of information transfer. The medium may be moved through a conduit, either in one direction, or in an oscillating back-and-forth fashion. Light is transmitted through the moving medium in the conduit.

Provided are an ultrasonic human body communication method and a device thereof, the method including dividing serial information into blocks, and each information block includes modulation bits and index bits; each transmission frame is divided into multiple groups; performing an index modulation on the groups of each transmission frame, determining activated group sequence numbers; performing a digital modulation on the modulation bits of each information block, and mapping the digitally modulated modulation bits to activated groups; for the multiple information blocks processed in parallel, performing a parallel/serial conversion, a pulse shaping, and an ultrasonic conversion in sequence to obtain a transmission signal, and transmitting the transmission signal in a human body through a transmission frame; on a receiving node, receiving a received transmission signal propagated by the human body, and demodulating the received transmission signal to obtain the index bits and the modulation bits.

A conductor layer (100) is electrically conductive and includes a first mesh region where apertures (120) are formed in a mesh shape. A conductor layer (200) is electrically conductive and includes a second mesh region where apertures (220) are formed in a mesh shape. An insulator layer (300) is insulative and is disposed between the conductor layer (100) and the conductor layer (200). A communication sheet (1000) allows electromagnetic waves supplied from a first communication device to percolate from the apertures (120) to form a first percolation region on the surface of the conductor layer (100) and allows the electromagnetic waves to percolate from the apertures (220) to form a second percolation region on the surface of the conductor layer (200). The communication sheet (1000) relays communication between the first communication device and a second communication device that is placed in the first or second percolation region.

A method for low power communication links between wireless devices is described. The method includes establishing, by a first wireless device, a first magnetic communication link to a source wireless device through a human body. The method also includes establishing, by a second wireless device, a second magnetic communication link to the source wireless device through the human body. The method also includes receiving, by the first wireless device via the first magnetic communication link and the second wireless device via the second magnetic communication link, communications from the source wireless device through the human body.

A target authentication device includes an electrode to detect an electrical signal associated with a user of the device. The electrical signal represents an authentication code for the device. An authentication receiver module is coupled to the electrode. The module receives the electrical signal from the electrode and determines whether the electrical signal matches a predetermined criterion to authenticate the identity of the user based on the electrical signal. An authentication module is also disclosed. The authentication module includes one electrode to couple an electrical signal associated with a user to a user of a target authentication device, the electrical signal represents an authentication code for the device. An authentication transmission module is coupled to the electrode. The authentication transmission module transmits the electrical signal from the electrode. A method of authenticating the identity of a user of a target authentication device also is disclosed.

A communication circuit generates a clock signal that is a digital signal corresponding to a serial clock, and a data signal that is a digital signal corresponding to serial data to be sent. A modulation circuit generates a first modulated signal obtained by digital modulating a first carrier wave having a first frequency with the clock signal and second modulated signal obtained by modulating the second carrier wave having a second frequency different than the first frequency with the data signal, and applies the first modulated signal and the second modulated signal between a first conductor and a second conductor. A demodulation circuit includes a buffer amplifier that has high input impedance, demodulates the first modulated signal and the second modulated signal, and generates the clock signal and the data signal. The communication circuit acquires serial data on the basis of the clock signal and the data signal.

A communication circuit generates a clock signal that is a digital signal corresponding to a serial clock, and a data signal that is a digital signal corresponding to serial data to be sent. A modulation circuit generates a first modulated signal obtained by digital modulating a first carrier wave having a first frequency with the clock signal and second modulated signal obtained by modulating the second carrier wave having a second frequency different than the first frequency with the data signal, and applies the first modulated signal and the second modulated signal between a first conductor and a second conductor. A demodulation circuit includes a buffer amplifier that has high input impedance, demodulates the first modulated signal and the second modulated signal, and generates the clock signal and the data signal. The communication circuit acquires serial data on the basis of the clock signal and the data signal.