In one embodiment, an encapsulator device receives a source stream of encoded packets in a first transport format and converts the source stream to packets of an output stream in a second transport format for communication over a data network. The encapsulator device generates a mapping stream with information indicating which packets in the source stream are used to generate the output stream. The output stream of the encapsulator device is coordinated with the output stream of other encapsulator devices by sending the mapping stream to the other encapsulator devices in the network. The other encapsulator devices use the mapping stream to generate identical output streams.

Techniques are disclosed for accelerating online certificate status protocol (OCSP) response distribution to relying parties using a content delivery network (CDN). A certificate authority generates updated OCSP responses for OCSP responses cached in the CDN that are about to expire. In addition, the certificate authority pre-generates cache keys in place of CDNs generating the keys. The certificate authority sends the OCSP responses and the cache keys in one transaction, and the CDN, in turn, serves requests for the OCSP responses using the cache keys. For new certificates, a private CDN is pre-populated with an OCSP response for a certificate concurrent with that certificate being issued. Doing so effectively uses the PCDN as an origin server for OCSP responses, reducing CA infrastructure needs.

The present invention provides methods for using abstractions of people, including dynamic and static groups of people, to enhance the efficiency of the specification and automation of policies for sharing information between users with a need-to-know. An instance of the present invention can also provide these users information based on a time-to-know. By providing access to information based on group affiliation and properties of the content of the information, the present invention maintains optimal information privacy while minimizing encumbrances to sharing data with appropriate users and even at appropriate times. The present invention can be integrated with other communication technologies to facilitate access to information in a time appropriate manner. Other instances of the present invention employ automated and semi-automated, mixed-initiative techniques, to make information-sharing decisions. Additional instances of the present invention include the employment of machine-learning techniques to facilitate construction of access policies from the actions or profile of a single user or a community of users, including the construction of automated sharing agents that work in an automated or mixed-initiative manner to respond to real-time requests for information.

An injection engine monitors whether a pattern of a current selection of web address requests in outbound web traffic for a user matches one or more web usage patterns that allow for identifying the user based on the current selection of web address requests. The injection engine, responsive to detecting the pattern of the current selection of web address requests by the user matches the one or more web usage patterns, injects one or more random valid web address requests into the outbound web traffic for the user, wherein the one or more random valid web address requests obscure the current selection of web address requests from using the one or more web usage patterns.

Methods and systems for integrating a sandboxing service and distributed threat intelligence within an endpoint security application are provided. According to one embodiment, The method includes file system or operating system activity relating to a file accessible to an endpoint system is monitored by an endpoint security application running on the endpoint system. The endpoint security application determines whether the file has been previously analyzed for a threat status. When a result of the determining is negative, then the endpoint security application requests the threat status by submitting the file to a remote threat analysis engine with a request to perform a threat analysis on the file. Based on the determined threat status, the endpoint security application selectively allows or disallows performance of the file system or operating system activity.

The various embodiments described herein include methods and systems for determining user engagement with media content. In one aspect, a method includes: (1) identifying media content presented by a first electronic device during a particular time period; (2) obtaining device usage information for a second device in proximity to the first electronic device, the second device associated with a particular user and the device usage information corresponding to device usage of the particular user during the particular time period; (3) based on the device usage information and the media content identification, determining a level of engagement of the particular user with the presented media content; and (4) in accordance with a determination that the level of engagement of the particular user meets one or more predefined criterion, recommending additional media content to the user based on the presented media content.

The various embodiments described herein include methods and systems for determining user engagement with media content. In one aspect, a method includes: (1) identifying media content presented by a first electronic device during a particular time period; (2) obtaining device usage information for a second device in proximity to the first electronic device, the second device associated with a particular user and the device usage information corresponding to device usage of the particular user during the particular time period; (3) based on the device usage information and the media content identification, determining a level of engagement of the particular user with the presented media content; and (4) in accordance with a determination that the level of engagement of the particular user meets one or more predefined criterion, recommending additional media content to the user based on the presented media content.

Kesterite photovoltaic devices having a back surface field layer are provided. In one aspect, a method of forming a photovoltaic device includes: forming a complete photovoltaic device having a substrate, an electrically conductive layer on the substrate, an absorber layer on the electrically conductive layer, a buffer layer on the absorber layer, and a transparent front contact on the buffer layer; removing the substrate and the electrically conductive layer from the complete photovoltaic device to expose a backside surface of the absorber layer; forming a passivating layer on the backside surface of the absorber layer; and forming a high work function back contact on the passivating layer. A photovoltaic device having a passivating layer is also provided.

A temperature controller for a substrate support in a substrate processing system includes a power parameter module configured to calculate a power parameter indicative of power supplied to the substrate support. A coolant temperature parameter module configured to calculate a coolant temperature parameter indicative of a temperature of a coolant supplied to the substrate support. A heat transfer gas parameter module is configured to calculate a heat transfer gas parameter indicative of flow rates of a heat transfer gas supplied to the substrate support. A temperature calculation module is configured to calculate a temperature of the substrate support using the power parameter, the coolant temperature parameter, and the heat transfer gas parameter.

The various embodiments described herein include methods and systems for determining user engagement with media content. In one aspect, a method is performed at a computer system. The method includes: (1) receiving, from a first device, media content identification information for media content presented during a time period; (2) receiving device usage information from a second device in proximity to the first device, the second device associated with a user and the usage information corresponding to device usage of the user during the time period; (3) based on the usage information and the identification information, determining a level of engagement of the user with the presented media content; and (4) if the level of engagement meets one or more predefined criterion, recommending additional media content to the user based on the presented media content.