The present invention discloses a method for generating a low-frequency power carrier control signal. An alternating current power supply voltage/current of a target control device is enabled to experience a specified small jump within n T periods; a jump state in each period is respectively represented by one binary code; different combinations of the jump states in the n T periods and different combinations of formed n binary codes are preset to correspond to different control instructions in a system. After the target control device monitors the voltage/current jump, on the basis of a preset corresponding rule between the n binary codes as well as the jump state codes and the control instructions, control can be implemented according to a corresponding control instruction.

A range-finding and/or object-positioning system comprises one or more target devices; one or more reference devices communicating with said one or more target devices via one or more wireless signal sets, each wireless signal set comprising at least a first-speed signal having a first transmission speed and a second-speed signal having a second transmission speed, and the first transmission speed being higher than the second transmission speed; and at least one processing unit performing actions for determining at least one distance between one target device and one reference device based on the time difference between the receiving time of the first-speed signal and the receiving time of the second-speed signal of the wireless signal set communicated between said reference and target devices.

A base station may determine a Doppler metric associated with a wireless channel and a user equipment (UE). The Doppler metric may be determined from received information related to Doppler effects measured by the UE or from directly measured Doppler effects associated with uplink data received from the UE. Based on the determined Doppler metric, the base station may select one or both of a reference signal (RS) density and a channel estimation technique for the wireless channel and associated UE. The base station may transmit an indication of the RS density to the UE. Downlink data bursts and uplink data bursts may include RSs and data according to the indicated RS density. Further, the base station may transmit to the UE, an indication to communicate using the selected wireless channel estimation technique.

A base station may determine a Doppler metric associated with a wireless channel and a user equipment (UE). The Doppler metric may be determined from received information related to Doppler effects measured by the UE or from directly measured Doppler effects associated with uplink data received from the UE. Based on the determined Doppler metric, the base station may select one or both of a reference signal (RS) density and a channel estimation technique for the wireless channel and associated UE. The base station may transmit an indication of the RS density to the UE. Downlink data bursts and uplink data bursts may include RSs and data according to the indicated RS density. Further, the base station may transmit to the UE, an indication to communicate using the selected wireless channel estimation technique.

This application provides a measurement method, a terminal device, and an access network device. The measurement method includes: measuring, by a terminal device, signal quality of a plurality of beams, where the signal quality of the plurality of beams is obtained by using synchronization signal blocks; the signal quality of the plurality of beams includes signal quality of a same beam at different moments, and the plurality of beams belong to one cell; and obtaining, by the terminal device, signal quality of the cell based on the signal quality of the plurality of beams. In this way, cell measurement based on a synchronization signal is implemented, and the signal quality of the cell obtained based on the signal quality of the plurality of beams at the different moments is more accurate.

Approaches are described for accurate spatial diagnostics data and channel state information (CSI) recording due to dynamic bandwidth selection and other network changes in a wireless local area network (WLAN). Data transmissions such as channel soundings of a network, including data communications between networked computing devices on a communication channel of the network, can be obtained. The data communications can be associated with channel state parameters that can describe characteristics of the channel through which data is transmitted. The channel state parameters can be monitored overtime to detect a trigger event on the network. A type of trigger event can be determined based on channel state parameters before and after the event. Optimization parameters (e.g., operation parameters, calibration parameters, etc.) or other such information can be determined based on the type of trigger event. The parameters can be applied to an appropriate computing device to dynamically account for changes to channel, bandwidth, etc. of the communication link as a reaction to current channel, traffic, and interference conditions. Thereafter, channel state information (CSI) from the communication link can be extracted independent of changes related to channel state parameters and can be used for spatial diagnosis services of the network, including WLAN diagnosis, home security, health care monitoring, smart home utility control, elder care, and the like.

A signal generation method is used in a transmission device that transmits a plurality of transmission signals from a plurality of antennas at the same frequency and at the same time, in the case where larger power change is performed on a first transmission signal than on a second transmission signal during generation process of the first transmission signal and the second transmission signal, the first transmission signal and the second transmission signal are mapped before the power change such that a minimum Euclidian distance between possible signal points for the first signal is longer than a minimum Euclidian distance between possible signal points for the second signal.

A signal generation method is used in a transmission device that transmits a plurality of transmission signals from a plurality of antennas at the same frequency and at the same time, in the case where larger power change is performed on a first transmission signal than on a second transmission signal during generation process of the first transmission signal and the second transmission signal, the first transmission signal and the second transmission signal are mapped before the power change such that a minimum Euclidian distance between possible signal points for the first signal is longer than a minimum Euclidian distance between possible signal points for the second signal.

Packaging devices and methods of manufacture thereof for semiconductor devices are disclosed. In some embodiments, a packaging device includes a contact pad disposed over a substrate, and a passivation layer disposed over the substrate and a first portion of the contact pad, a second portion of the contact pad being exposed. A post passivation interconnect (PPI) line is disposed over the passivation layer and is coupled to the second portion of the contact pad. A PPI pad is disposed over the passivation layer and is coupled to the PPI line. An insulating material is disposed over the PPI line, the PPI pad being exposed. The insulating material is spaced apart from an edge portion of the PPI pad by a predetermined distance.

This disclosure describes methods, apparatus, and systems to increase the transmission data rate in wireless networks, for example, by using one or more Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) and/or channel bonding techniques. In one embodiment, the disclosure describes the use of Golay Sequence Sets (GSS) to define guard intervals (GIs) for single carrier (SC) single channel bonding and multiple input multiple output (MIMO) transmission. In various embodiments, the disclosure describes the design of guard interval sequence for 3 types of guard intervals having lengths that can be classified as short, medium, and long. In another embodiment, the disclosure defines the guard interval for single channel transmission channel bonding and for MIMO transmission.