In order to allow for improvement on a case where data of a cellular network is transmitted and/or received through a wireless local area network (WLAN), a base station of the present invention includes: a first communication processing unit configured to add a header of a framing protocol to downlink data transmitted to a terminal apparatus; and a second communication processing unit configured to transmit the downlink data to which the header is added to a gateway that is used for transmission from the base station to the terminal apparatus through a wireless local area network. The framing protocol is a protocol for communication between the base station and the gateway and the header includes identification information corresponding to quality of service for the downlink data.

Methods and systems are disclosed to aggregate traffic from multiple server devices through a peripheral component interconnect (PCI) hosting device. In one embodiment, the PCI hosting device comprises a network interface to couple the PCI hosting device to a network, a plurality of PCI interfaces, a processing circuit to forward packets, and a power supply to supply power to the PCI interfaces independently from the plurality of server devices. Each of the PCI interfaces is designed to be coupled to one server device to the PCI hosting device, which is registered as a first PCI board of a first server device through a first PCI interface and as a second PCI board of a second server device through a second PCI interface, and the PCI hosting device is designed to forward packets between the network interface and the first server device, and the network interface and the second server device.

An example method may include identifying upload packets at a VPN client operating on a client device, and the upload packets include a header with a destination server as the destination field and the client device as the source field, adding, via the VPN client, an additional header identifying the client device in an additional source field and identifying an interconnect server center (ISC) device in an additional destination field, to create modified upload packets, receiving the modified upload packets from the client device at the ISC device, replacing, via the ISC device, the additional source field of the modified upload packets with a new additional source field identifying the ISC device and replacing the additional destination field of the modified upload packets with a new additional destination field identifying a VPN server to create further modified upload packets, and forwarding the further modified upload packets to the VPN server for routing to the destination server.

Apparatuses, methods, and systems for internet-enabled data for transparent application consumption over unstructured supplementary service data are disclosed. One method includes generating, by an application, IP (internet protocol) packets, encapsulating, by a proxy interface, the IP packets into protocol data units (PDUs), generating frames of data for facilitating communication through a wireless link, wherein the frames include data slots and control information slots, identifying, by the base station, unused control information slots of the frames of data, scheduling transmission of a stream of the PDUs over the unused control information slots for a full-time duration of the unused control information slots, inserting the PDUs into one or more of the scheduled control information slots of the frames of data as specified by the scheduling, and transmitting, by the computing device, the frames of data through the wireless link to the base station on the scheduled control information slots.

A packet destined for a Multi-access Edge Computing (MEC) network is received at a wireless station from a user device. A serving gateway (SGW) receives the packet from the wireless station via an S1U GTP tunnel and assigns an uplink S1U General Packet Radio Service (GPRS) Tunneling Protocol (GTP) tunnel endpoint identifier (TEID) to the packet. The SGW performs a network address translation (NAT) function on the packet based on the uplink S1U GTP TEID assigned to the packet to form a translated packet. The SGW transmits the translated packet to the MEC network.

In some embodiments, a method receives a packet for a flow from a first application in a first workload to a second application in a second workload. The packet includes an inner header that includes layer 4 information for the first application. The method determines if a setting indicates an outer source port in an outer header should be generated using layer 4 information from the inner header. The setting is based on an analysis of packet types in the flow to determine if fragmented packets are sent. When the setting indicates the outer source port in the outer header should be generated using layer 4 information from the inner header, the method generates the outer source port using the layer 4 information for the first application from the inner header. The packet is encapsulated using the outer header, wherein the outer header includes the outer source port.

Providing a hybrid virtual network, includes: receiving from a source VM, by a hypervisor of a first stack, a packet to be transmitted to a target VM within a virtual network includes multiple VMs spanning a multiple stacks, where each stack includes an aggregation of compute, storage, and network resources and separate stacks are coupled for data communications via a network level protocol; if the target VM is located in the first stack, overwriting a MAC address of in the packet with a replacement MAC address for transmission via a data link layer protocol and transmitting the packet with the data link layer protocol; and if the target VM is not located in the first stack, encapsulating the packet for tunneling via a network layer protocol and transmitting the encapsulated packet with the network layer protocol.

This application provides a media file encapsulating method, a media file decapsulating method, and related devices. The media file encapsulating method includes: acquiring a media stream of a target media content in a corresponding application scenario; encapsulating the media stream to generate an encapsulation file of the media stream, the encapsulation file including a first application scenario type field, the first application scenario type field being used for indicating the application scenario corresponding to the media stream; and transmitting the encapsulation file to a first device for the first device to determine the application scenario corresponding to the media stream according to the first application scenario type field and determine at least one of a decoding method and a rendering method of the media stream according to the application scenario corresponding to the media stream. This method can distinguish different application scenarios in the encapsulation of media files.

An audio data transmission method includes encapsulating, based on a physical layer frame header, a protocol data unit (PDU) including audio data, to obtain an audio data packet, where the physical layer frame header is modulated using a first digital modulation scheme, the PDU is modulated using a second digital modulation scheme, a value of a modulation rate of the first digital modulation scheme is equal to a value of a data transmission rate, and a value of a modulation rate of the second digital modulation scheme is less than the value of the data transmission rate, and sending the audio data packet on a BLUETOOTH low energy (BLE) physical channel at the data transmission rate.

A first edge server of multiple edge servers of a distributed edge computing network receives a request from a client device regarding a resource hosted at an origin server according to an anycast implementation. The first edge server modifies the request to include identifying information for the first edge server prior to sending the request to the origin server. The origin server responds with a response packet that includes the identifying information of the first edge server. Instead of routing the response packet to the client device directly, one of the multiple edge servers receives the response packet due to the edge servers each having the same anycast address. If the edge server that receives the response packet is not the first edge server, that edge server transmits the response packet to the first edge server, who processes the response packet and transmits the response packet to the client device.