Disclosed is a display substrate, including: a base including a display region and a peripheral region; sub-pixels in the display region; data lines in at least the display region and extending in a first direction and electrically connected to the sub-pixels gate lines in at least the display region and extending in a second direction intersecting with the first direction electrically connected to the sub-pixels pads in the peripheral region; data leads in the peripheral region and electrically connected to the data lines and the pads; a gate driver circuit in the peripheral region and electrically connected to the gate lines; gate drive lines in the peripheral region and electrically connected to the gate driver circuit; gate leads in the peripheral region and extending in the first direction, which are electrically connected to the gate drive lines and the pads and located between the data leads.

Provided are methods for geometric intrinsic camera calibration using a diffractive optical element. Some methods described include receiving, by at least one processor, at least one image captured by a camera based on a plurality of light beams received from a diffractive optical element aligned with an optical axis of the camera, the plurality of light beams having a plurality of propagation directions associated with a plurality of view angles. The at least one processor identifies a plurality of shapes in the image, determines a correspondence between the plurality of shapes in the image and the plurality of light beams, and identifies one or more intrinsic parameters of the camera that minimize a reprojection error function based on the plurality of shapes in the image and the plurality of propagation directions. Systems and computer program products are also provided.

A method includes determining a first transmission rate for transmitting an entirety of a segment of a video stream to a client device. The segment includes a set of frames. In some implementations, the method includes, after transmitting a first subset of the set of frames at the first transmission rate, detecting that a network connectivity of the client device has reduced below a connectivity threshold associated with the first transmission rate. In some implementations, the method includes transmitting an entirety of the segment at a second transmission rate that is less than the first transmission rate. In some implementations, the method includes triggering the client device to present a second subset of the set of frames that corresponds to a temporal position in the video stream after the first subset of the set of frames while foregoing re-presentation of the first subset of the set of frames.

A method includes determining a first transmission rate for transmitting an entirety of a segment of a video stream to a client device. The segment includes a set of frames. In some implementations, the method includes, after transmitting a first subset of the set of frames at the first transmission rate, detecting that a network connectivity of the client device has reduced below a connectivity threshold associated with the first transmission rate. In some implementations, the method includes transmitting an entirety of the segment at a second transmission rate that is less than the first transmission rate. In some implementations, the method includes triggering the client device to present a second subset of the set of frames that corresponds to a temporal position in the video stream after the first subset of the set of frames while foregoing re-presentation of the first subset of the set of frames.

A device and a corresponding system are disclosed. The device may comprise a display. Additionally, the device and/or system may be operable to detect stale images. Further, the stale images may be detected in devices and/or systems where incoming images—such as from an imager—are received at a frame rate different than that of the display. A controller may detect the stale images by assigning hash values to images of each frame displayed by the display; storing novel hash values in a memory; and maintaining a counter. The counter may be maintained such that assigning a repeat hash value increments the counter by one and assigning novel hash values resets the counter to zero. Further, the stale images may be determined based, at least in part, on the counter value.

A device and a corresponding system are disclosed. The device may comprise a display. Additionally, the device and/or system may be operable to detect stale images. Further, the stale images may be detected in devices and/or systems where incoming images—such as from an imager—are received at a frame rate different than that of the display. A controller may detect the stale images by assigning hash values to images of each frame displayed by the display; storing novel hash values in a memory; and maintaining a counter. The counter may be maintained such that assigning a repeat hash value increments the counter by one and assigning novel hash values resets the counter to zero. Further, the stale images may be determined based, at least in part, on the counter value.

A method for reducing artifacts in streaming video implemented by a computing device involves determining whether a video quality assessment score for a current segment of a channel of a video stream with a first resolution and a first bit rate meets a quality threshold, replacing the current segment with a replacement segment with a lower resolution than the first resolution, in response to the current segment failing to meet the quality threshold, and publishing the replacement segment at the first bit rate as part of the video stream.

A method for reducing artifacts in streaming video implemented by a computing device involves determining whether a video quality assessment score for a current segment of a channel of a video stream with a first resolution and a first bit rate meets a quality threshold, replacing the current segment with a replacement segment with a lower resolution than the first resolution, in response to the current segment failing to meet the quality threshold, and publishing the replacement segment at the first bit rate as part of the video stream.

A method for calibrating a vehicular vision system includes disposing a camera at a vehicle, disposing a processor at the vehicle, and disposing a video display screen in the vehicle so as to be viewable by the vehicle driver. The video display screen is operable to display video images derived from image data captured by the imager of the camera. Image data is captured by the imager of the camera and provided to the processor. The video display screen displays video images derived from image data captured by the imager of the camera. The processor generates a graphic overlay for display with the video images at the video display screen. Responsive to processing captured image data, the vehicular vision system is calibrated by adapting an orientation and position of the image data relative to the generated graphic overlay to a corrected orientation and position relative to the generated graphic overlay.

A reference imaging system including a planar reference piece. The reference imaging system further includes a three-axis gantry for positioning the planar reference piece at a plurality of points in a 3D coordinate system. Additionally, the reference imaging system includes a yaw actuator for adjusting the yaw angle of the object. Furthermore, the reference imaging system includes a pitch actuator for adjusting the pitch of the object. Moreover, the reference imaging system includes a computer processing unit for controlling the 3D position, pitch and yaw of the planar reference piece.